Detecting sequential patterns and determining their reliability with fallible observers.

Bakeman, Roger; McArthur, Duncan; Quera, Vincenç; Robinson, Byron

doi:10.1037/1082-989x.2.4.357

Cited by 170 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The kappas for the categories that we examined ranged from .66 to .92. Even though kappas greater than .70 are most desirable, kappas for dichotomous codes are often underestimates of interrater reliability (Bakeman, Quera, McArthur, & Robinson, 1997). Table 2 lists the kappa coefficients for each code.…”

Section: Behavioral Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age Differences in Exposure and Reactions to Interpersonal Tensions: A Daily Diary Study.

Birditt¹,

Fingerman²,

Almeida³

2005

Psychology and Aging

381

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This study examines age differences in exposure and reactivity to interpersonal tensions. The data are from the National Study of Daily Experiences in which participants ages 25 to 74 (N ϭ 666) completed phone interviews wherein they described interpersonal tensions and rated the stressfulness of the tensions each evening for 8 days. Coders rated descriptions for types of behavioral reactions. Multilevel models revealed older adults reported fewer interpersonal tensions, were more likely to report tensions with spouses, were less likely to report tensions with children, experienced less stress, and were less likely to argue and more likely to do nothing in response to tensions than were younger adults. Age differences in emotional and behavioral reactions did not appear to be due to variations in exposure to tensions. The discussion centers on why older people may be better able to regulate their reactions to problems than younger people.

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Section: Behavioral Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age Differences in Exposure and Reactions to Interpersonal Tensions: A Daily Diary Study.

Birditt¹,

Fingerman²,

Almeida³

2005

Psychology and Aging

381

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“…Note that the reliability of the composite measures (far right column), each composed of two to three indicators, tends to be somewhat higher than that of the discrete indicators, with three out of four exceeding .80 and one just shy of that level at .78. Since the statistical analysis is based mainly on composite measures, and since Kappa scores above .75 are generally understood to indicate at least 90 percent agreement (and even greater agreement for coding categories with few codes; see Bakeman et al 1997), the system is demonstrably reliable.…”

Section: Watchdog Journalism and Presidential News Conferences--29mentioning

confidence: 99%

When Does the Watchdog Bark? Conditions of Aggressive Questioning in Presidential News Conferences

2007

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In theories of the journalism-state relationship, the watchdog model of journalism competes with other models emphasizing either subservient or oppositional relations. Since actual journalistic practice is circumstantially variable, this study isolates the social conditions associated with aggressive journalism. Data are drawn from presidential news conferences from 1953 to 2000, and the focus is on the aggressiveness of the questions asked therein. Through multivariate models, four sets of explanatory conditions are explored: (1) the administration life cycle, (2) presidential popularity, (3) the state of the economy, and (4) foreign affairs. Results show (1) no evidence of a firstterm honeymoon period, but significantly more aggressive questions during second terms, (2) the president's Gallup job approval rating is not a significant independent predictor of aggressiveness, (3) both the unemployment rate and the prime interest rate are positively associated with aggressiveness, and (4) questions about foreign affairs are significantly less aggressive than questions about domestic affairs, and this differential has been stable for at least a half-century. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of these findings, which show that journalists modulate their conduct in complex ways that do not readily map onto any single model.

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“…28 For example, in one simulation, κ varied from 0.49 for 2 codes to 0.69 for 10 codes for observers who were 85% accurate. 29 These considerations notwithstanding, we conclude that the present prespecified analysis in 3345 patients undergoing primary PCI from the HORIZONS-AMI trial demonstrates that the concordance between Op and ACL assessment of angiographic markers of reperfusion in STEMI is only fair to moderate and that there is directionality in these disagreements, with the Op underestimating favorable findings pre-PCI and overestimating their rate post-PCI. Because primary PCI is successful in most patients, the impact of this variability is relatively minor in terms of mortality prediction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Operator Versus Core Laboratory Assessment of Angiographic Reperfusion Markers in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Brener

Cristea²,

Lansky³

et al. 2012

Circ: Cardiovascular Interventions

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Background— Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow and Myocardial Blush Grade (MBG) are important prognostic indicators before and after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction; however, the concordance and relative prognostic utility of operator (Op) versus angiography core laboratory (ACL) assessed TIMI flow and MBG are unknown. Methods and Results— Baseline and final Op and ACL TIMI flow and MBG assessment were compared from the Harmonizing Outcomes with RevascularIZatiON and Stents in AMI trial in 3345 patients undergoing primary PCI using Cohen’s κ coefficient. κ Was highest for pre-PCI TIMI flow (0.51, representing moderate agreement) and lowest for post-PCI MBG (0.20, representing fair agreement). Discordance between Op and ACL for final TIMI flow (0 to 2 versus 3) occurred in 12.9% of patients and for final MBG (0 to 1 versus 2 to 3) in 22.4%. Among 415 patients with final TIMI flow 0 to 2 by ACL, Op scoring was TIMI flow 3 in 267 (64.3%). Similarly, among 706 patients with final MBG 0 to 1 by ACL, 563 (79.7%) were classified as MBG 2 to 3 by Op. Post-PCI TIMI 3 flow and MBG 2 to 3 strongly correlated with 3-year survival, as assessed by both Op and ACL ( P <0.0001). Mortality was intermediate in patients in whom ACL and Op were discordant, without marked prognostic differences between the discordant groups. Conclusions— Op and ACL assessment of angiographic markers of reperfusion in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction demonstrates fair to moderate agreement. Op tended to favorably grade unfavorable ACL results. Nonetheless, both Op and ACL assessment of reperfusion strongly inform prediction of 3-year mortality.

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Detecting sequential patterns and determining their reliability with fallible observers.

Cited by 170 publications

References 16 publications

Age Differences in Exposure and Reactions to Interpersonal Tensions: A Daily Diary Study.

Age Differences in Exposure and Reactions to Interpersonal Tensions: A Daily Diary Study.

When Does the Watchdog Bark? Conditions of Aggressive Questioning in Presidential News Conferences

Operator Versus Core Laboratory Assessment of Angiographic Reperfusion Markers in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction

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