Detecting steroidal effects on immediate early gene expression in the hypothalamus

Hoffman, Gloria E.; Smith, M. Susan; Fitzsimmons, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/1058-6741(92)90021-o

Cited by 109 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…The immunocytochemical visualization of the protein product (Fos) of the immediate early gene c-fos has been used as a marker for the activation of neurons stimulated in various ways [14,25]. Several investigators have studied neural activation in the male rodent brain following copu lation using Fos immunoreactivity (IR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fos immunoreactivity in the rat brain following consummatory elements of sexual behavior: a sex comparison

1996

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fos immunoreactivity in the rat brain following consummatory elements of sexual behavior: a sex comparison

1996

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“…However, by labeling for cFLI and specific neurotransmitters in the same tissue by using double-labeling immunohistochemistry procedures, it is possible to identify the neurochemical phenotype of cells that show cFLI in response to drug administration (Hoffman et al, 1992(Hoffman et al, , 1993Matta et al, 1993Matta et al, , 1997. This is possible because c-Fos protein is typically confined to the cell nucleus whereas neurotransmitter is located in cytoplasm, thus making it possible to simultaneously visualize both labeled proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethanol-Induced c-Fos Expression in Catecholamine- and Neuropeptide Y-Producing Neurons in Rat Brainstem

Thiele

Cubero

Dijk

et al. 2000

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

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Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Background: Previous studies have used c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (cFLI) to examine the neuroanatomical location of cells that are activated in response to ethanol administration. However, the use of cFLI alone fails to reveal the phenotypical identity of cells. In the present study we used double-labeling procedures to identify the neurochemical phenotype of neurons that showed ethanol-induced cFLI in the rat brainstem.Methods: Individual groups of rats received intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1.5 g/kg or 3.5 g/kg) or isotonic saline (23 ml/kg). To assess the specificity of cFLI induced by ethanol, we injected other rats with the drug lithium chloride (LiCl; 76 mg/kg). Two hours after injection, rats were killed and their brains were processed for immunohistochemistry.Results: Both doses of ethanol promoted cFLI in several brainstem regions, including the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the locus coeruleus (LC), and the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). Although LiCl caused significant cFLI in the NTS, this drug promoted only minimal cFLI in the VLM and no significant activation in the LC. We found that a significant proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons coexpressed ethanol-induced cFLI in the VLM (ϳ75-85%), the NTS (ϳ65-75%), and the LC (ϳ30 -65%). Additionally, a significant proportion of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-producing neurons in the VLM coexpressed ethanol-induced cFLI (ϳ60 -75%). On the other hand, LiCl promoted activation of TH-positive neurons in the VLM and the NTS but failed to stimulate cFLI in TH-producing neurons in the LC or in NPY-producing neurons of the VLM.Conclusions: Neurons in the rat brainstem that show ethanol-induced c-Fos expression produce catecholamines and NPY. This research demonstrates the usefulness of double-labeling immunohistochemistry procedures for identifying the neurochemical identity of neurons that are activated after ethanol administration.

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“…Fos is the protein product of c-fos, a member of the immediate-early gene family and, in combination with other protein products from the c-jun transcription family, forms heterodimers which bind to the AP-1 site on DNA and, thus, regulate the transcription of other genes (Hoffman et al 1992;Morgan and Curran 1991). The activation of Fos expression in the CNS has been associated with stressful stimuli (Duncan et al 1996;Morrow et al 2000a;Schreiber et al 1991;Smith et al 1992) as well as many other stimuli which seem to share a novelty component (Campeau et al 1991;Graybiel et al 1990;Mack and Mack 1992;Sharp et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Rats Exposed to Cocaine in utero Demonstrate Elevated Expression of Fos in the Prefrontal Cortex in Response to Environment

Morrow

Elsworth

Roth

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Prenatal cocaine exposure has been associated with disruption in attention and short-term memory in exposed children and in animal models. The biochemical change or changes responsible for these cognitive deficits are not known. An intriguing possibility, however, is that cocaine exposure during development disrupts the morphology or function of the frontal cortex, a region thought to contribute to cognitive and executive functions. In this report, we examined the effects of intravenous prenatal cocaineThe abuse of cocaine during pregnancy has not been associated with major anatomical birth defects; however, a significant numbers of children exposed to cocaine in utero go on to develop select cognitive deficits, such as memory deficits, impulsivity, and difficulties in modulating attention (Delaney-Black et al. 1998; DowEdwards et al. 1999). Behavioral studies in animal models of prenatal cocaine exposure have demonstrated similar deficits in memory (Choi et al. 1998a;Cutler et al. 1996;Heyser et al. 1995;Levin and Seidler 1993;Morrow et al. 2000b;Tonkiss et al. 1997;Vorhees et al. 1995) and attention (Garavan et al. 2000;Mactutus 1999;Romano and Harvey 1996). The identification of the sites and the underlying biochemical changes induced by in utero exposure to cocaine, however, remain elusive. Understanding the biochemical substrates of the behavioral deficits induced by prenatal cocaine is necessary if logical treatments for the condition are to be developed. We have chosen to use the expression of the immediateearly gene, c-fos , as a marker of neuronal activation. NO . 3 Many researchers, including in our own laboratory, have successfully used this marker to map and study stress responses (Kovacs 1998). The expression of Fos, however, does not solely indicate that the neuron has been activated but indicates that the neuron is in the process of undergoing longer-term adaptation brought about by activation.One potential candidate site for the cognitive effects of prenatal cocaine is the frontal cortex. Dysfunction in this region has been associated with disruption in cognitive processes, including memory and attention (Goldman-Rakic 1998). Additionally, deficits in shortterm working memory can be observed with altered dopaminergic function in the prefrontal cortex of rats and non-human primates (Goldman-Rakic 1998;Morrow et al. 2000c;Murphy et al. 1996). One obvious mechanism by which prenatal cocaine exposure could impact on the frontal cortex is by blockade by cocaine of the monoamine transporters, including that of dopamine, in that region. Fetal changes in monoamine levels in the developing frontal cortex could potentially result in an anatomical or functional disruption (Levitt 1998;Pendleton et al. 1998). Wang and colleagues reported changes in the GABAergic neurons in the cortex, leading to the hypothesis that prenatal cocaine exposure could result in a disruption of the excitatory/inhibitory balance (Wang et al. 1995(Wang et al. , 1996. In this current report, we investigate potential changes in th...

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Detecting steroidal effects on immediate early gene expression in the hypothalamus

Cited by 109 publications

References 40 publications

Fos immunoreactivity in the rat brain following consummatory elements of sexual behavior: a sex comparison

Fos immunoreactivity in the rat brain following consummatory elements of sexual behavior: a sex comparison

Ethanol-Induced c-Fos Expression in Catecholamine- and Neuropeptide Y-Producing Neurons in Rat Brainstem

Male Rats Exposed to Cocaine in utero Demonstrate Elevated Expression of Fos in the Prefrontal Cortex in Response to Environment

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