Detecting time-specific differences between temporal nonlinear curves: Analyzing data from the visual world paradigm

Oleson, Jacob; Cavanaugh, Joseph E.; McMurray, Bob; Brown, Grant

doi:10.1177/0962280215607411

Cited by 39 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In our case, since we did not find a main effect of place, both /t/ and /p/, as well as /d/ and /b/ are collapsed into one analysis per voicing group. Through bootstrapping 2 Although Oleson et al (2015) present a by-subject analysis, we chose here to conduct a by-item analysis for reasons of statistical power. Given that each subject contributes few data points to each experimental condition, the bdots package fails to adequately model the by-subject data.…”

Section: Voicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the bdots package (Seedorff et al, 2017) in R to ascertain the time window in which fixations to the target word differed as a function of glottalization. Following Oleson et al (2015), a nonlinear curve is fit to the fixation proportions for each target word 2 in the glottalized and non-glottalized conditions. In our case, since we did not find a main effect of place, both /t/ and /p/, as well as /d/ and /b/ are collapsed into one analysis per voicing group.…”

Section: Voicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Online perception of glottalized coda stops in American English

Chong

Garellek

2018

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

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In American English, voiceless codas /t/ and /p/ are often glottalized: They have glottal constriction that results in creaky voice on the preceding vowel. Previous claims suggest that such glottalization can serve to enhance /t/ or, more generally, voicelessness of coda stops. In this study, we examine the timecourse of word recognition to test whether glottalization facilitates the perception of words ending in voiceless /t/ and /p/, which is expected if glottalization is in fact enhancing. Sixty American English listeners participated in an eye-tracking study, where they heard resynthesized glottalized and non-glottalized versions of CVC English words ending in /p, t, b, d/ while looking at a display with two words presented orthographically. Target words were presented with a minimal pair differing in place of articulation (e.g., cop-cot), or voicing, (e.g., bat-bad, cap-cab). Although there is little evidence that glottalization facilitates recognition of words ending in /t/ or /p/, there is a strong inhibitory effect: Words ending in voiced stops are recognized more slowly and poorly when the preceding vowel was glottalized. These findings lend little support to a listener-driven, enhancement-based explanation for the occurrence of coda glottalization in American English. On the other hand, they suggest that glottalized instances of coda /t/ and /p/, but not of coda /d/ and /b/, are perceived as equally good variants of these sounds.

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Section: Voicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Voicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online perception of glottalized coda stops in American English

Chong

Garellek

2018

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

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“…To determine this, we computed looks to the target over 4 msec intervals for each participant. We then used BDOTs (Oleson et al, 2017) to identify time regions at which these curves differed significantly as a function of language group (data and R scripts are publicly available at https://osf.io/kfwxu/). Details of BDOTs analyses are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data were analyzed with the bootstrapped difference of timeseries (Oleson, Cavanaugh, McMurray, & Brown, 2017) implemented as an R package (BDOTS). Target fixations in each condition were fit with the logistic function using a constrained least-squares minimization (https://osf.io/4atgv/), not the standard BDOTs fitter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preprint: Submitted 4/21/2018

McMurray¹,

Klein-Packard²,

Tomblin³

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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Eight to 11% of children have a clinical disorder in oral language (Developmental Language Disorder, DLD), with pervasive deficits in all levels of language that persist through adulthood. Word-level processing may be critical as words link phonology, orthography, syntax and semantics. Thus, a lexical deficit could cascade throughout language. Cognitively, word recognition is a competition process: as the input (e.g., lizard) unfolds, multiple candidates (liver, wizard) compete for recognition. Children with DLD do not fully resolve this competition, but it is unclear what cognitive mechanisms underlie this. We examined lexical inhibition, the ability of more active words to suppress competitors in 79 adolescents with and without DLD.Participants heard words (e.g. net) in which the onset was manipulated to briefly favor a competitor (neck). This was predicted to inhibit the target, slowing recognition. Word recognition was measured using a task in which participants heard the stimulus, and clicked on a picture of the item from an array of competitors, while eye-movement were monitored as a measure of how strongly the participant was committed to that interpretation over time. TD listeners showed evidence of inhibition with greater interference for stimuli that briefly activated a competitor word. DLD listeners did not. This suggests deficits in DLD may stem from a failure to engage lexical inhibition. This in turn could have ripple effects throughout the language system. This supports theoretical approaches to DLD that emphasize lexical-level deficits; and deficits in real-time processing.

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“…Fortunately, new methods are being developed that can take the exact shapes of the curves into account (e.g., Baayen, et al, to appear;Mirman, Dixon, & Magnuson, 2008;Oleson, Cavanaugh, McMurray, & Brown, 2015).…”

Section: Experimental Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why we need to investigate casual speech to truly understand language production, processing and the mental lexicon

Tucker

Ernestus

2016

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The majority of studies addressing psycholinguistic questions focus on speech produced and processed in a careful, laboratory speech style. This ‘careful’ speech is very different from the speech that listeners encounter in casual conversations. This article argues that research on casual speech is necessary to show the validity of conclusions based on careful speech. Moreover, research on casual speech produces new insights and questions on the processes underlying communication and on the mental lexicon that cannot be revealed by research using careful speech. This article first places research on casual speech in its historic perspective. It then provides many examples of how casual speech differs from careful speech and shows that these differences may have important implications for psycholinguistic theories. Subsequently, the article discusses the challenges that research on casual speech faces, which stem from the high variability of this speech style, its necessary casual context, and that casual speech is connected speech. We also present opportunities for research on casual speech, mostly in the form of new experimental methods that facilitate research on connected speech. However, real progress can only be made if these new methods are combined with advanced (still to be developed) statistical techniques.

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Detecting time-specific differences between temporal nonlinear curves: Analyzing data from the visual world paradigm

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Online perception of glottalized coda stops in American English

Online perception of glottalized coda stops in American English

Preprint: Submitted 4/21/2018

Why we need to investigate casual speech to truly understand language production, processing and the mental lexicon

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