Detecting voids within a historical building façade: A comparative study of three high frequency GPR antenna

Johnston, Brian; Ruffell, Alastair; McKinley, Jennifer; Warke, Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2018.02.003

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These tests were aimed at identifying the unseen constructive elements and characterizing the material composition of the structure. The use of Ground Penetrating Radar on historical structures has already been documented by different authors [12,13].…”

Section: Georadar Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Seismic Behavior Evaluation of the Church of São Miguel de Refojos (Portugal)

Ramírez¹,

Mendes²,

Lourénço³

2019

Buildings

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The Benedictine Monastery of São Miguel de Refojos, located in Cabeceiras de Basto (Portugal), is a monumental complex and a distinctive example of the 18th century Portuguese Baroque architecture. This study addresses the state of conservation of the church as well as the evaluation of its structural behavior and seismic performance. An initial inspection and diagnosis campaign revealed that the structure presents low to moderate damage and other non-structural issues generally associated with high levels of moisture and water infiltration. In order to study the structural performance, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was prepared based on the finite element method. This model was calibrated with respect to dynamic identification tests and nonlinear static analyses were then performed to evaluate the seismic behavior. Capacity curves, deformations, crack patterns, and failure mechanisms were used to characterize the structural response. Additionally, the safety evaluation for horizontal actions was verified by means of limit analysis. An overall good agreement was found between the results of the pushover and the limit analyses. To conclude, the present work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the state of conservation of the church and verifies the safety condition of the structure for seismic actions.

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Section: Georadar Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Seismic Behavior Evaluation of the Church of São Miguel de Refojos (Portugal)

Ramírez¹,

Mendes²,

Lourénço³

2019

Buildings

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“…Three GPR antennas were used in this study, 1.2 GHz, 1.6 GHz and 2.3 GHz. Choice of the antenna frequency is important when designing survey strategies and was the topic of previous work at this site [11]. Based upon the scale and depth of the feature being examined, different antennas need to be selected.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing the cart and with the smoother surface created by the plastic sheeting, a continuous output was achievable. Repeat experimental lines were run, without the plastic sheet, to examine whether the 0.5-1 cm air gaps that were introduced by the sheet would have any effect on data quality [11]. As differences were negligible, the plastic sheet was deployed as this had the advantage of allowing both accurate positioning on the grid and continuous movement of the odometer wheel(s) on the three radar units.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work at this study site involved the use of three different GPR antennas (1.2, 1.6, 2.3 GHz) of a manufacturer-supplied plastic cover sheet, which smoothed the irregular surface of the wall. This paper aims to expand upon our earlier findings [11] that only used 2DGPR to explore the potential of using multiple radar frequencies on the smoothing sheet to aid in the application of 3DGPR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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3DGPR for the Non-Destructive Monitoring of Subsurface Weathering of Sandstone Masonry

et al. 2019

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Remote sensing techniques, such as LiDAR and photogrammetry, are used by researchers exploring the spatial distribution of weathering features in historic masonry. These well-established tools provide users with a perspective of the processes affecting the surface of masonry blocks; however, they cannot provide information on the alteration occurring subsurface. Geophysical tools are being explored as a potential approach to observe the variation in material properties beneath masonry block surfaces and to examine the patterns of deterioration across wall sections. Applying such techniques inform the development of conceptual models of weathering at the block to building wall scale. In this study, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was selected to inspect the subsurface condition of the wall section of an historic church wall, where areas of granular disintegration and flaking can be observed. 3DGPR was selected for this task, as its use of regular grids during data collection make it better suited for detecting features within an area. Three high-frequency antennas, 1.2 Ghz, 1.6 Ghz and 2.3 Ghz, were run across the study area in a series of 80 cm by 80 cm grids. The data were collated within GIS, where observed features were annotated onto a schematic of the wall surface. The 3DGPR outputs identified anomalies within this structure that could not have been as easily interpreted using a 2DGPR transect. However, as 3DGPR relies upon interpolative techniques to estimate the returns between observation transects, the validity of features detected in these locations need to be tested. The results of this application of 3DGPR identified variable weathering response across the wall section, relative to elevation. These observations were used to develop a conceptual model linking these findings to seasonal variation in the capillary rise of groundwater, upward from the base of the church wall. Through these findings it is possible to see how GPR can assist in developing our understanding of the processes threatening heritage buildings.

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“…Recently, the visual inspections, such as photogrammetry and laser scanning (A. Oliveira, 2012) (A. Manzo, 2019), infrared thermal imaging techniques, and ground-penetrating radar (D. Angelis et al, 2017) (M. Manataki et al, 2018) (B. Johnston et al, 2018) are widely used to detect damage to cultural properties. In particular, after acquiring image and point cloud data of cultural property, the damage detection by photogrammetry and laser scanning is analyzed by a 3D-textured mesh model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Damage Detection of Stone Cultural Property Based on Deep Learning Algorithm

Kwon

2019

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Outdoor stone cultural properties are continuously affected by the external environment such as wind, rain, and earthquakes. These cause damage to the cultural properties by not only threatening structural stability but also damaging the aesthetic value. Quick detection of these damages is important to enable appropriate preservation treatment in terms of cultural property conservation management. Even though conventional manual damage detection methods are widely used, they are limited by manpower, cost, and other external conditions. In this paper, we propose a system that automatically detects and classifies damage occurring in cultural properties using deep-learning technique to settle these drawbacks. In detail, the damages are classified into four types (i.e., crack, loss, detachment, biological colonization) based on Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) algorithm. In addition, we construct an image dataset of stone damage, which is collected by the regular report of the National Designated Cultural Property in 2017 conducted by the Cultural Heritage Administration of S. Korea, and augment its dataset to enhance damage detection performance. From the experiment conducted, we achieved an average confidence score of 94.6&thinsp;% or more on the 20 test images.</p>

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Detecting voids within a historical building façade: A comparative study of three high frequency GPR antenna

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Diagnosis and Seismic Behavior Evaluation of the Church of São Miguel de Refojos (Portugal)

Diagnosis and Seismic Behavior Evaluation of the Church of São Miguel de Refojos (Portugal)

3DGPR for the Non-Destructive Monitoring of Subsurface Weathering of Sandstone Masonry

Automatic Damage Detection of Stone Cultural Property Based on Deep Learning Algorithm

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