Detecting World War II bombing relics in markedly transformed landscapes (city of Most, Czechia)

Dolejš, Martin; Samek, Vojtěch; Veselý, Martin; Elznicová, Jitka

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102225

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Subsequently, a more precise delimitation was made of the study sites that contain the burden of the bombing via georeferenced imagery taken immediately after the bombing event to verify the success of the attack by allied air forces. Localities B1 and B2 were manually mapped on the ground of archival bombing reports, where individual aerial bombing craters were recorded in cadastral maps and archival aerial imagery, in previous work by the authors [5]; therefore, the exact localization of the aerial bombing craters was taken from this source. For individual archival imagery sources, see Table 1.…”

Section: Study Area and Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crater detection studies can be divided according to the input data and methods of crater localization. Archival sources with an exact impact location are scarce but can be found in the form of imagery taken immediately after bombing events to evaluate the bombing precision [2] or in situ localization in detailed (cadastral) maps for damage reporting by local authorities [5]. Other approaches are based on the extraction of features from current remotely sensed data, such as satellite imagery [6] or LiDAR-derived digital terrain models (DTMs) [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manual inspection and extraction of aerial bombing craters in an area of 136 km 2 with 15,360 features [5] occupied the authors for almost two weeks. The past decade has brought significant improvements in the form of automatic methods, mainly due to developments in machine and deep learning capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerial Bombing Crater Identification: Exploitation of Precise Digital Terrain Models

Dolejš

Pacina

Veselý

et al. 2020

IJGI

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Places of past conflicts and persistent objects that reflect such events often attract the attention of archaeological prospection which facilitates the construction of conflict narratives. Field prospection as a precise method for localization of aerial bombing craters (as an example of such persistent features) is a highly time- and resource-consuming task. Therefore, methods for automatic identification of such features are evolving. We present a comparison of three methods for possible automatic crater detection based on (a) extraterrestrial crater detection algorithms, (b) geomorphology-based edge extraction, and (c) image pattern recognition via a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN). All methods were preliminarily tested on a case study of eight Second World War (WWII) aerial bombing crater sites in NW Czechia via Airborne Laser Scanned LiDAR-derived digital terrain models with different spatial resolutions. We found that extraterrestrial crater detection algorithms and geomorphology-based edge extraction methods yield worse results given the standard indices of precision and recall. By comparison, the CNN method utilized for a particular task achieved satisfying results, predominantly with 0.5 m/px resolution (which is often available at the country level) of the input raster. Nevertheless, overall performance with this resolution varies significantly among the sites. Therefore, the quality and readability of the input data are crucial factors for the successful acquisition of precise ordinance location identification.

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Section: Study Area and Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerial Bombing Crater Identification: Exploitation of Precise Digital Terrain Models

Dolejš

Pacina

Veselý

et al. 2020

IJGI

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“…They vary in diameters and depths, where the average depth of crater B is 4 m, while crater C is 3 m below the ground level. The approximate distance between every two craters is around 140 m. The crater's morphology depends on its locality to the geographical target center, where the measures of deviation could cause their irregular forms (Dolejs et al , 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhabiting war craters examining geostatistical modeling within landscape heritage recovery in Aleppo

Elsayed

2021

JCHMSD

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PurposeAleppo city in Syria has witnessed severe bombardment since the 2011 war affecting its landscape heritage, causing explicit geomorphological changes with anthropogenic qualities. The research aims to log observations on the patterns of bombardment craters. It investigates their key role in guiding post-war recovery plans. Currently, the interpretation of war scars is not considered in the reconstruction plans proposed by local administrations and here lies the importance of the research.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigates the geomorphological transformations along the southern citadel perimeter in old Aleppo. Currently, digital tools facilitated data prediction in conflict areas. The research employs an empirical method for inhabiting war craters based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The former utilizes satellite images to define the geographical changes of landscape heritage. The latter applies geostatistical data analysis, validation, interpolation and simulation for multi-temporal Google Earth maps. The study exploits Surfer 13 software to localize and measure the preserved craters.FindingsThe research employs the generated models in a landscape design proposal examining the method's applicability. Finally, it offers a methodological toolkit guiding post-war landscape recovery toward the interpretation of conflict geography.Practical implicationsThe paper enables a practical understanding of the contemporaneity of landscape heritage recovery as an action between sustainable development and conservation.Social implicationsThe paper integrates the conflict geographies to the people's commemoration of places and events.Originality/valueThe article offers an insight into the rehabilitation of war landscapes focusing on land craters, exploiting geostatistical data prediction methods.

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“…Data entry and data addition to contemporary map bases for exploded bombs can also be done by automated searches for exploded ammunition from archival aerial photographs. These searches have been done, for example, by authors at Leibniz University of Hannover [2] and [3] and by authors at J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem [4] and [5]. However, the collective of authors dealing with the aforementioned security research project only deals with the identification of unexploded ammunition.…”

Section: Current Status Of Unexploded Ammunition Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Niewybuchy amunicji do samolotów z II wojny światowej w związku z postępowaniem budowlanym

Šafář

Staňková²,

Pospíšil

et al. 2022

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W latach 1939–1946 dokonano mapowania terytorium Republiki Czeskiej w celu odnowienia map topograficznych terytorium IIIRzeszy, a rozpoznanie lotnicze (AR) terytorium CR było prowadzone przez aliantów. AR był prowadzony w dwóch kierunkach. Pierwszymbyło poszukiwanie celów wroga, a drugim weryfikacja wyników bombardowania tych celów. Dane alianckie wskazywały, żedo 20% bomb nie wybuchło. Ta niewybuchowa amunicja lotnicza do dziś stanowi zagrożenie dla budownictwa na obrzeżach miast.W artykule omówiono procedury przetwarzania archiwalnych zdjęć lotniczych obszarów zbombardowanych w Czechach oraz identyfikacjiniewybuchów na tych zdjęciach.

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Detecting World War II bombing relics in markedly transformed landscapes (city of Most, Czechia)

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Aerial Bombing Crater Identification: Exploitation of Precise Digital Terrain Models

Aerial Bombing Crater Identification: Exploitation of Precise Digital Terrain Models

Inhabiting war craters examining geostatistical modeling within landscape heritage recovery in Aleppo

Niewybuchy amunicji do samolotów z II wojny światowej w związku z postępowaniem budowlanym

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