Detection and characterization of a plastid envelope DNA-binding protein which may anchor plastid nucleoids.

Sato, Naoki; Albrieux, Catherine; Joyard, Jacques; Douce, Roland; Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05687.x

Cited by 112 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In total, ‫03ف‬ polypeptides from 94 to 12 kD in size were detected in nucleoids. These nucleoids have been found on the thylakoid surface (Liu and Rose, 1992) and chloroplast inner envelopes (e.g., Sato et al, 1993). The histone-like proteins were found exclusively in our two-dimensional electrophoresis maps of the peripheral proteins, which Bevan et al (1998).…”

Section: Functional Role Of Lumenal and Peripheral Thylakoid Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Proteomics of the Chloroplast: Systematic Identification and Targeting Analysis of Lumenal and Peripheral Thylakoid Proteins

Peltier

Friso

Kalume³

et al. 2000

Plant Cell

336

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The soluble and peripheral proteins in the thylakoids of pea were systematically analyzed by using two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and N-terminal Edman sequencing, followed by database searching. After correcting to eliminate possible isoforms and post-translational modifications, we estimated that there are at least 200 to 230 different lumenal and peripheral proteins. Sixty-one proteins were identified; for 33 of these proteins, a clear function or functional domain could be identified, whereas for 10 proteins, no function could be assigned. For 18 proteins, no expressed sequence tag or full-length gene could be identified in the databases, despite experimental determination of a significant amount of amino acid sequence. Nine previously unidentified proteins with lumenal transit peptides are presented along with their full-length genes; seven of these proteins possess the twin arginine motif that is characteristic for substrates of the TAT pathway. Logoplots were used to provide a detailed analysis of the lumenal targeting signals, and all nuclear-encoded proteins identified on the two-dimensional gels were used to test predictions for chloroplast localization and transit peptides made by the software programs ChloroP, PSORT, and SignalP. A combination of these three programs was found to provide a useful tool for evaluating chloroplast localization and transit peptides and also could reveal possible alternative processing sites and dual targeting. The potential of proteomics for plant biology and homology-based searching with mass spectrometry data is discussed.

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Section: Functional Role Of Lumenal and Peripheral Thylakoid Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Proteomics of the Chloroplast: Systematic Identification and Targeting Analysis of Lumenal and Peripheral Thylakoid Proteins

Peltier

Friso

Kalume³

et al. 2000

Plant Cell

336

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“…TAC preparations from various organisms were analyzed on SDS gels, and in this way, at least 40 polypeptides associated with TAC have been detected. However, only the a-and b-subunits of the PEP (Suck et al, 1996;, a homolog of the nuclear transcription elongation factor TFIIS (da Costa e Silva et al, 2004), and few plastid DNA-bound proteins, including PEND (Sato et al, 1993), sulfite reductase (Cannon et al, 1999;Chi-Ham et al, 2002;Sekine et al, 2002), CND41 (Murakami et al, 2000), and MFP1 (Jeong et al, 2003), have been identified until now. We used different gel filtration and affinity chromatography purification steps for the isolation of TACs from mustard and Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 40 other candidate proteins that do not fulfill this criterion were also identified in our preparation, and four of them have been described before as putative candidates of the TAC. This includes PEND (Sato et al, 1993), sulfite reductase (Cannon et al, 1999;Chi-Ham et al, 2002;Sekine et al, 2002), CND41 (Murakami et al, 2000), and MFP1 (Jeong et al, 2003). Some of them are clearly contamination of other plastid multiprotein complexes, such as the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, PsbS (subunit S of the photosystem II), the a-subunit of carboxyltransferase, and a putative ferritin subunit (At3g11050).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pTAC2, -6, and -12 Are Components of the Transcriptionally Active Plastid Chromosome That Are Required for Plastid Gene Expression

et al. 2005

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Transcription in plastids is mediated by a plastid-encoded multimeric (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded single-subunit RNA polymerase (NEP) and a still unknown number of nuclear-encoded factors. By combining gel filtration and affinity chromatography purification steps, we isolated transcriptionally active chromosomes from Arabidopsis thaliana and mustard (Sinapis alba) chloroplasts and identified 35 components by electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Eighteen components, called plastid transcriptionally active chromosome proteins (pTACs), have not yet been described. T-DNA insertions in three corresponding genes, ptac2, -6, and -12, are lethal without exogenous carbon sources. Expression patterns of the plastid-encoded genes in the corresponding knockout lines resemble those of Drpo mutants. For instance, expression of plastid genes with PEP promoters is downregulated, while expression of genes with NEP promoters is either not affected or upregulated in the mutants. All three components might also be involved in posttranscriptional processes, such as RNA processing and/or mRNA stability. Thus, pTAC2, -6, and -12 are clearly involved in plastid gene expression.

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“…A number of mt (cp) nucleoid proteins have been identified in yeast (39)(40)(41)(42), algae (43), and plants (44,45). An intriguing example of a mt nucleoid protein is Glom, which is a structural nucleoid protein that also maintains the replication and transcriptional activity of mtDNA in slime mold (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active digestion of sperm mitochondrial DNA in single living sperm revealed by optical tweezers

Nishimura

Yoshinari

Naruse

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

104

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In almost all eukaryotes, mitochondrial (mt) genes are transmitted to progeny mainly from the maternal parent. The most popular explanation for this phenomenon is simple dilution of paternal mtDNA, because the paternal gametes (sperm) are much smaller than maternal gametes (egg) and contribute a limited amount of mitochondria to the progeny. Recently, this simple explanation has been challenged in several reports that describe the active digestion of sperm mtDNA, down-regulation of mtDNA replication in sperm, and proteolysis of mitochondria triggered by ubiquitination. In this investigation, we visualized mt nucleoids in living sperm by using highly sensitive SYBR green I vital staining. The ability to visualize mt nucleoids allowed us to clarify that the elimination of sperm mtDNA upon fertilization is achieved through two steps: (i) gradual decrease of mt nucleoid numbers during spermatogenesis and (ii) rapid digestion of sperm mtDNA just after fertilization. One notable point is that the digestion of mtDNA is achieved before the complete destruction of mitochondrial structures, which may be necessary to avoid the diffusion and transmission of potentially deleterious sperm mtDNA to the progeny. maternal inheritance ͉ medaka ͉ mtDNA M itochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genomes, which are believed to be vestiges of their bacterial ancestors (1). Mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) genes are inherited in non-Mendelian fashion. A variety of patterns and mechanisms have been observed for the transmission of these genes, but in almost all eukaryotes, they are inherited mainly from the maternal parent (2-4).Generally, the maternal inheritance of mt (cp) DNA is thought to be a result of the dilution of the paternal contribution, because the paternal gametes (sperm) are much smaller than maternal gametes (egg) and contribute only a limited amount of cytoplasm to the progeny. In animals, a mature sperm carries Ϸ100 copies of mtDNA, which might be necessary to maintain the integrity of mitochondrial activity (5). In contrast, the animal oocyte contains Ϸ10 5 to 10 8 copies of mtDNA, exceeding that of sperm by a factor of at least 10 3 (3, 6). Therefore, the paternal contribution of mtDNA or cpDNA would be diluted beyond the limits of detection by using conventional restriction enzyme analysis (7).This simple explanation, however, has been challenged by many findings (8). For example, there have been several fairly unsuccessful attempts to detect leaky transmission of paternal mtDNA by repetitive backcross experiments using lepidopteran insects (9). On the contrary, in mussels (Mtylus), paternal mtDNA can be transmitted to male progeny at a remarkably high frequency, even though paternal mtDNAs are transmitted by sperm (10-12). A more striking example was found in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In C. reinhardtii, despite the fact that mtϩ (female) and mtϪ (male) gametes contribute equal amounts of cytoplasm to the progeny, cpDNA is transmitted only from the mtϩ parent. One biochemical stud...

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Detection and characterization of a plastid envelope DNA-binding protein which may anchor plastid nucleoids.

Cited by 112 publications

References 41 publications

Proteomics of the Chloroplast: Systematic Identification and Targeting Analysis of Lumenal and Peripheral Thylakoid Proteins

Proteomics of the Chloroplast: Systematic Identification and Targeting Analysis of Lumenal and Peripheral Thylakoid Proteins

pTAC2, -6, and -12 Are Components of the Transcriptionally Active Plastid Chromosome That Are Required for Plastid Gene Expression

Active digestion of sperm mitochondrial DNA in single living sperm revealed by optical tweezers

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