Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Goats at Slaughterhouse in Tai’an Region, China

Li, Song; Liu, Mingxia; Cong, Jingjing; Zhou, Yufa; Miao, Zengmin

doi:10.1155/2017/3723650

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Zoonotic subtypes of HEV have also been detected in other major livestock, such as sheep, goats and cattle [13][14][15]. The role these species play in zoonotic transmission has not been extensively explored and is therefore not known whether these livestock species also serve as natural reservoirs or were accidentally infected by swine derived strains [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and genomic characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from pigs in Ghana, Africa

et al. 2020

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Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of human hepatitis worldwide. Zoonotic genotypes of the virus have been found in diverse animal species with pigs playing a major role. Putative risk of zoonotic infection from livestock particularly swine in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana is poorly understood due to scarcity of available data, especially HEV sequence information. Methods: Serum samples were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Samples were subjected to nested RT-PCR screening and quantification of HEV RNA-positive samples using real-time RT-PCR and the World Health Organization International Standard for HEV. Testing of all pig samples for antibodies was done by ELISA. Sanger sequencing and genotyping was performed and one representative complete genome was generated to facilitate genome-wide comparison to other available African HEV sequences by phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 420 samples were available from cattle (n = 105), goats (n = 124), pigs (n = 89) and sheep (n = 102). HEV Viral RNA was detected only in pig samples (10.1%). The antibody detection rate in pigs was 77.5%, with positive samples from all sampling sites. Average viral load was 1 × 10 5 (range 1.02 × 10 3 to 3.17 × 10 5) International Units per mL of serum with no statistically significant differences between age groups (≤ 6 month, > 6 months) by a T-test comparison of means (t = 1.4272, df = 7, p = 0.1966). Sequences obtained in this study form a monophyletic group within HEV genotype 3. Sequences from Cameroon, Ghana, Burkina Faso and Madagascar were found to share a most recent common ancestor; however this was not the case for other African HEV sequences. Conclusion: HEV genotype 3 is highly endemic in pigs in Ghana and likely poses a zoonotic risk to people exposed to pigs. HEV genotype 3 in Ghana shares a common origin with other virus strains from Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and genomic characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from pigs in Ghana, Africa

et al. 2020

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“…In all the cases, polluted drinking water with fecal containment . Another investigation on goat, exhibited 2 HEV strains belonging to genotype 4 and showing sequence similarity with cows, humans and pigs 51 . Blood sera gathered from sheep and sheep butchers in China showed 35.2% anti-HEV antibody in sheep blood, 57.7% in butcher's blood, and among sheep the most elevated cases were among adult in contrast with young ones and all the isolates belonged to genotype 4 52 .…”

Section: Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (Idsp)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatitis E: Current Status in India and Other Asian Countries

Kumar¹,

Kamar²,

Kumar³

2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Six types of hepatitis infections are accounted for the inflammation of liver in human throughout the world and assigned the letter A, B, C, D, E and G. Out of these, Hepatitis E, caused by Hepatitis E virus (HEV), currently categorized as a member of the genus Hepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. Hepatitis E is considered highly significant, on account of its predominance in both developed and developing nations, due to poor sanitation and cleanliness condition related to drinking water. This review focuses on general epidemiological study update of hepatitis E virus in India and rest of Asia for the selected period and also throws light on some diagnostic approaches available for the same. An extensive literature search was performed with published work and search in PubMed using term "HEV" combined with "country name" restricting the search publication between year 2008 to 2018 for India and 2013 to 2018 for the rest of Asia. The data was analyzed in detail to meet the requirements of the objectives. Study showed that in India the major causes of Hepatitis E was water contaminated with fecal matter. Reports from East and Southeast Asia signified the role of animal reservoir especially the pigs for HEV. Whereas in Indian neighboring countries like Nepal, Pakistan and Western Asia the major cases of Hepatitis E were associated with blood transfusion and pregnancy related cases. Majority of the diagnostic approaches used in India at medical facilities are based on anti-HEV IgM detection. However, the molecular based approaches played very crucial role in HEV detection. It is observed that the incidence of HEV is gradually expanding and its objective range is not only just developing countries, but also showing an enhancement. In overall, there is need for improvements in detection of HEV disease and methodologies used for the development of HEV vaccines.

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“…Like genotype 3 HEV, genotype 4 was initially discovered in domestic pigs and wild boars which serve as a primary reservoir [116]. Recent work out of China suggests cattle, including yellow cattle ( Bos Taurus primigenius ) [45], Holstein Frisian cattle ( Bos Taurus primigenius ) [46], sheep ( Ovis aries orientalis ) [101], and goats ( Capra hircus aegagrus ) [71,121] can be infected by genotype 4 HEV and that infectious virus can potentially be inserted into the human food chain through meat and milk from these animals. In addition to these domestic animals, tufted deer ( Elaphodus cephalophus ) [73], Reeves’ muntjac ( Muntiacus reevesi ), clouded leopard ( Neofilis nebulosa ) [73], and the Asiatic black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) [36] have tested positive for genotype 4 HEV.…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Host Range of Hepatitis E Viruses

Kenney

2019

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen transmitting both human to human via the fecal oral route and from animals to humans through feces, direct contact, and consumption of contaminated meat products. Understanding the host range of the virus is critical for determining where potential threats to human health may be emerging from and where potential reservoirs for viral persistence in the environment may be hiding. Initially thought to be a human specific disease endemic to developing countries, the identification of swine as a primary host for genotypes 3 and 4 HEV in industrialized countries has begun a long journey of discovering novel strains of HEV and their animal hosts. As we continue identifying new strains of HEV in disparate animal species, it is becoming abundantly clear that HEV has a broad host range and many of these HEV strains can cross between differing animal species. These cross-species transmitting strains pose many unique challenges to human health as they are often unrecognized as sources of viral transmission.

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Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Goats at Slaughterhouse in Tai’an Region, China

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Detection and genomic characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from pigs in Ghana, Africa

Detection and genomic characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from pigs in Ghana, Africa

Hepatitis E: Current Status in India and Other Asian Countries

The Current Host Range of Hepatitis E Viruses

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