Detection and characterization of infectious Hepatitis E virus from commercial pig livers sold in local grocery stores in the USA

Feagins, Alicia R.; Opriessnig, Tanja; Guenette, D. K.; Halbur, Patrick G.; Meng, Xiang‐Jin

doi:10.1099/vir.0.82613-0

Cited by 318 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…70 In the United States too, genotype 3 HEV RNA has been identified in more than 10% of pig liver packages sold in grocery stores. 71 Further, a large proportion of Japanese patients with sporadic hepatitis E admitted to have eaten uncooked or undercooked pig livers. 72 These data suggest that genotype 3 and 4 circulate freely among pigs and other animal species in these areas and may be transmitted to the humans through exposure to contaminated meat products or other forms of close contact.…”

Section: Reservoir Of Infection and Mode Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Aggarwal

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Section: Reservoir Of Infection and Mode Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Aggarwal

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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“…Approximately 2 per cent of pig livers sold in local grocery stores in Japan (Yazaki et al 2003) and 11 per cent in the USA were tested positive for swine HEV RNA (Feagins et al 2007). Contaminating virus in commercial pig livers sold in the grocery stores of the USA remains fully infectious.…”

Section: Viruses In Wild Boars That Are Potentially Transmissible To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans

Meng

Lindsay

Sriranganathan

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

396

314

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Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.

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“…Yazaki et al (2003) investigated a series of 29 cases of sporadic hepatitis E occurring in Japan and identified nine patients with a history of having recently ingested grilled or undercooked pig liver 2-8 weeks before the onset of the disease. Additionally, HEV RNA has been detected in 6.5 and 11% of commercial pig liver in Netherlands and United States, respectively (Bouwknegt et al 2007;Feagins et al 2007). All strains detected were classified as HEV genotype 3.…”

Section: Hev Infection As a Zoonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) in South America: Current Status

Mirazo¹,

Ramos²,

Arbiza³

2012

VR&R

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common causative agent of acute hepatitis in many developing countries where standards of sanitation and hygiene are poor. HEV is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. However, zoonotic trasmission from animal reservoirs to human by consumption of raw or undercooked meat has also been suggested. In endemic areas, HEV infection occurs as large waterborne epidemics and/or small outbreaks. Sporadic cases of HEV infection have also been reported in developed countries, where its occurrence is not always associated with travel to highly endemic areas. HEV mammalian isolates are classifi ed into four genotypes 1-4, which appear to have a specifi c host range and geographical distribution. The epidemiology of HEV in South America seems to be complex and seroprevalence in human and domestic pigs diff ers both among populations within the same countries and between countries. Additionally, HEV strains have been detected and molecularly characterized and genotype 3 is the most frequently genotype found in the region. Moreover, except for two strains isolated from autochthonous cases of acute hepatitis that occurred in Venezuela and belonged to genotype 1, all sequences detected in South America were classifi ed as within genotype 3. Our understanding of HEV epidemiology has undergone major changes in recent years and despite the fact that several attempts to shed light over the epidemiology of this infection have been carried out in South America, data about the molecular characterization of HEV isolates is still lacking and further investigation is needed. This review summarizes the current status of HEV molecular epidemiology from a regional point of view.

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Detection and characterization of infectious Hepatitis E virus from commercial pig livers sold in local grocery stores in the USA

Cited by 318 publications

References 37 publications

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) in South America: Current Status

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