Detection and Characterization of Mycoviruses in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi by Deep-Sequencing

Ezawa, Tatsuhiro; Ikeda, Yoji; Shimura, Hanako; Masuta, Chikara

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1743-3_13

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Pioneering studies indicate that AMF endobacteria may improve the fungal ecological fitness (Salvioli et al, 2016) and promote antioxidative responses in both fungal and plant hosts (Vannini et al, 2016). However, data on the impact of endobacteria and mycoviruses (Ezawa et al, 2015) on AMF phenotypic expression and higher order biological interactions are scarce and deserve further investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Plant Friend or Foe in the Fight Against Viruses?

et al. 2019

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Plant roots establish interactions with several beneficial soil microorganisms including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In addition to promoting plant nutrition and growth, AMF colonization can prime systemic plant defense and enhance tolerance to a wide range of environmental stresses and below-ground pathogens. A protective effect of the AMF against above-ground pathogens has also been described in different plant species, but it seems to largely rely on the type of attacker. Viruses are obligate biotrophic pathogens able to infect a large number of plant species, causing massive losses in crop yield worldwide. Despite their economic importance, information on the effect of the AM symbiosis on viral infection is limited and not conclusive. However, several experimental evidences, obtained under controlled conditions, show that AMF colonization may enhance viral infection, affecting susceptibility, symptomatology and viral replication, possibly related to the improved nutritional status and to the delayed induction of pathogenesis-related proteins in the mycorrhizal plants. In this review, we give an overview of the impact of the AMF colonization on plant infection by pathogenic viruses and summarize the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. For the cases where AMF colonization increases the susceptibility of plants to viruses, the term “mycorrhiza-induced susceptibility” (MIS) is proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Plant Friend or Foe in the Fight Against Viruses?

et al. 2019

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“…Their research led to the discovery of novel mycoviruses, never previously found in fungi, that belonged to the families Benyviridae, Ophioviridae , and Virgaviridae (Marzano et al, 2016 ); and Khalifa et al ( 2016 ) who discovered 10 viruses in five S. sclerotiorum strains using Illumina sequencing (Khalifa et al, 2016 ), and Osaki et al ( 2016 ), using deep sequencing, found that 17 mycoviruses co-infected a strain of Fusarium poae . Mycoviruses were found on the soybean phyllosphere and in the roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Ezawa et al, 2015 ; Marzano and Domier, 2016 ). Australia and New Zealand are geographically embraced by oceans as a natural barrier to spread of pathogens, unlike in New Zealand, whether viruses that infect S. sclerotiorum are present in Australia has never been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virome Characterization of a Collection of S. sclerotiorum from Australia

Xiè

Cheng

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating plant pathogen that attacks numerous economically important broad acre and vegetable crops worldwide. Mycoviruses are widespread viruses that infect fungi, including S. sclerotiorum. As there were no previous reports of the presence of mycoviruses in this pathogen in Australia, studies were undertaken using RNA_Seq analysis to determine the diversity of mycoviruses in 84 Australian S. sclerotiorum isolates collected from various hosts. After RNA sequences were subjected to BLASTp analysis using NCBI database, 285 contigs representing partial or complete genomes of 57 mycoviruses were obtained, and 34 of these (59.6%) were novel viruses. These 57 viruses were grouped into 10 distinct lineages, namely Endornaviridae (four novel mycoviruses), Genomoviridae (isolate of SsHADV-1), Hypoviridae (two novel mycoviruses), Mononegavirales (four novel mycovirusess), Narnaviridae (10 novel mycoviruses), Partitiviridae (two novel mycoviruses), Ourmiavirus (two novel mycovirus), Tombusviridae (two novel mycoviruses), Totiviridae (one novel mycovirus), Tymovirales (five novel mycoviruses), and two non-classified mycoviruses lineages (one Botrytis porri RNA virus 1, one distantly related to Aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1). Twenty-five mitoviruses were determined and mitoviruses were dominant in the isolates tested. This is not only the first study to show existence of mycoviruses in S. sclerotiorum in Australia, but highlights how they are widespread and that many novel mycoviruses occur there. Further characterization of these mycoviruses is warranted, both in terms of exploring these novel mycoviruses for innovative biocontrol of Sclerotinia diseases and in enhancing our overall knowledge on viral diversity, taxonomy, ecology, and evolution.

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“…In addition, when high-throughput sequencing is used for virus detection, the enrichment step, which might bias detection, is not necessary. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect mycoviruses on the phyllosphere and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonized in the roots (Ezawa et al, 2015 ; Marzano and Domier, 2016 ). By deep sequencing extracted dsRNAs, different mycoviral species were shown to coinfect a Fusarium poae fungal strain (Osaki et al, 2016 ), as illustrated in other fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani (Bartholomäus et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse, Novel Mycoviruses From the Virome of a Hypovirulent Sclerotium rolfsii Strain

Zhu

Gao

et al. 2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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Sclerotium rolfsii, which causes southern blight in a wide variety of crops, is a devastating plant pathogen worldwide. Mycoviruses that induce hypovirulence in phytopathogenic fungi are potential biological control resources against fungal plant diseases. However, in S. rolfsii, mycoviruses are rarely reported. In a previous study, we found a hypovirulent strain carrying a diverse pattern of dsRNAs. Here, we utilized the RNA_Seq technique to detect viral sequences. Deep sequencing, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing validation analyses revealed that this strain harbors various new viral species that show affinity to the distinctly established and proposed families Benyviridae, Endornaviridae, Fusariviridae, Hypoviridae, and Fusagraviridae. Moreover, some viral sequences that could not be assigned to any of the existing families or orders were also identified and showed similarities to the Alphavirus, Ourmiavirus, phlegivirus-like and Curvularia thermal tolerance virus-like groups. In addition, we also conducted deep sequencing analysis of small RNAs in the virus-infecting fugal strain. The results indicated that the Dicer-mediated gene silencing mechanism was present in S. rolfsii. This is the first report of viral diversity in a single S. rolfsii fungal strain, and the results presented herein might provide insight into the taxonomy and evolution of mycoviruses and be useful for the exploration of mycoviruses as biocontrol agents.

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Detection and Characterization of Mycoviruses in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi by Deep-Sequencing

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Plant Friend or Foe in the Fight Against Viruses?

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Plant Friend or Foe in the Fight Against Viruses?

Virome Characterization of a Collection of S. sclerotiorum from Australia

Diverse, Novel Mycoviruses From the Virome of a Hypovirulent Sclerotium rolfsii Strain

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