Detection and Control Framework for Unpiloted Ground Support Equipment within the Aircraft Stand

Abstract

The rapid advancement in Unpiloted Robotic Vehicle technology has significantly influenced ground support operations at airports, marking a critical shift towards future development. This study presents a novel Unpiloted Ground Support Equipment (GSE) detection and control framework, comprising virtual channel delineation, boundary line detection, object detection, and navigation and docking control, to facilitate automated aircraft docking within the aircraft stand. Firstly, we developed a bespoke virtual channel layout for Unpiloted GSE, aligning with operational regulations and accommodating a wide spectrum of aircraft types. This layout employs turning induction markers to define essential navigation points, thereby streamlining GSE movement. Secondly, we integrated cameras and Lidar sensors to enable rapid and precise pose adjustments during docking. The introduction of a boundary line detection system, along with an optimized, lightweight YOLO algorithm, ensures swift and accurate identification of boundaries, obstacles, and docking sites. Finally, we formulated a unique control algorithm for effective obstacle avoidance and docking in varied apron conditions, guaranteeing meticulous management of vehicle pose and speed. Our experimental findings reveal an 89% detection accuracy for the virtual channel boundary line, a 95% accuracy for guiding markers, and an F1-Score of 0.845 for the YOLO object detection algorithm. The GSE achieved an average docking error of less than 3 cm and an angular deviation under 5 degrees, corroborating the efficacy and advanced nature of our proposed approach in Unpiloted GSE detection and aircraft docking.

Pengaruh Koordinasi pada Unit Apron Movement Control (AMC) terhadap On Time Performance (OTP) dalam Proses Docking dan Undocking Aviobridge di Bandar Udara Yogyakarta International Airport

“…Bandar udara, juga disebut lapangan terbang, berperan sebagai lokasi keberangkatan dan kedatangan pesawat udara, serta tempat naik turunnya penumpang dan pengiriman barang. Perannya utama ialah sebagai infrastruktur yang menyediakan fasilitas untuk mendukung operasi penerbangan (Kleinert, 2023;Ma, 2023;Saifutdinov, 2021;Schultz, 2022;Zhang, 2024). Tanggung jawab utamanya ialah memberikan pelayanan kepada pengguna layanan dan memelihara fasilitas agar tetap mampu memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik.…”

Analisis Kinerja Operator Ground Support Equipment dalam Proses Penanganan Pesawat di Bandara Tjilik Riwut Palangkaraya oleh PT. Mulio Citra Angkasa (MCA)

“…John Hansman (2019) Transportasi udara adalah pergerakan orang dan barang melalui udara dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lain menggunakan pesawat terbang. Selain karena teknologinya yang lebih maju, transportasi udara juga dianggap sebagai alat transportasi tercepat dibandingkan dengan jenis transportasi lainnya (Zhang, 2024).…”