“…One platform that is particularly promising is that of electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots, due to their compatibility with the existing semiconductor industry, as well as to the fast electrical control and long coherence times available in these systems. Several different implementations of qubits using such electronic spins include the single-spin Loss-DiVincenzo qubit [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] , the singlet-triplet qubit [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]18,19,33 , the tripledot exchange-only qubit [20][21][22][23][24] , and "hybrid" qubits with three electrons in two dots [25][26][27] . While there has been much experimental progress on improving the fidelity of gate operations 3,13,15,28 , with fidelities as high as about 99% for single-qubit gates and about 90% for two-qubit gates having been demonstrated 29 , more work must still be done to comfortably exceed the 99% surface-code threshold for all gate operations.…”