Detection and Degradation of Linuron in Organic Soils

Mapplebeck, L.; Waywell, C. G.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500068466

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…(2) showed similar results with both bioassay and gas chromatographic methods. However, Maplebeck and Waywell (13) reported that chemical extraction and quantification of linuron detected only 80% of the amount determined by plant bioassay. The objectives of this research were to: a) determine the amount of fluometuron remaining in three Arkansas soils after several years of continuous cotton production, b) determine the relationship between chemical extraction and bioassay methods of fluometuron residue determination, and c) examine some of the environmental factors affecting fluometuron carryover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Fluometuron Levels in Three Arkansas Soils under Continuous Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Production

et al. 1986

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Evidence has shown that fluometuron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea} persists beyond the end of the growing season when used in continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) production. Samples were taken from three soils following cotton production in 1980, 1981, and 1982. All three soils had been in production under the same herbicide use regime, fluometuron preemergence followed by fluometuron plus MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate), since either 1976 or 1977. The fluometuron remaining in each soil was quantified using a greenhouse bioassay and a chemical extraction technique followed by high-performance liquid chromatography determinations. The fluometuron concentrations determined by bioassay and chemical extraction methods had partial correlation coefficients of 0.62, 0.91, and 0.72 for a Sharkey silty clay, a Dundee silt loam, and a Loring silt loam, respectively. Predictive equations were determined for each soil to relate chemical extraction findings to plant response. Bioassay analysis indicated nearly 2 ppmw of fluometuron in the Sharkey silty clay in October 1980, with 1 ppmw in the Dundee silt loam, and approximately 0.27 ppmw in the Loring silt loam with annual application rates of 4.0, 2.9, and 3.5 kg/ha, respectively. Fluometuron concentrations as determined by chemical analysis were 0.83, 0.34, and 0.14 ppmw, respectively. Fluometuron concentrations declined over the winter in all three soils. Samples taken in March of 1981, 1982, and 1983 showed little difference in carryover levels in the Sharkey silty clay but more yearly variation in the other two soils. Fluometuron was found in all three soils to depths of 60 cm, but more than 55% of the fluometuron was found in the upper 15 cm of each soil. A controlled laboratory study conducted with the three soils showed that both cold and dry conditions reduced fluometuron dissipation rates. In the laboratory under conditions favorable for dissipation, fluometuron had a half-life of 26 days in the Dundee silt loam, 43 days in the Loring silt loam, and 73 days in the Sharkey silty clay. In the field, dissipation was very rapid in the Loring silt loam compared to the Dundee silt loam and the Sharkey silty clay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Fluometuron Levels in Three Arkansas Soils under Continuous Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Production

et al. 1986

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Herbicides

Bradow¹,

Dionigi²,

Johnson³

et al. 2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Weeds, ie, unwanted plants, reduce crop yields and quality. Of the many approaches used to control weeds, the use of chemical herbicides is considered the most effective and efficient. Herbicides are a critical factor in agricultural productivity and represent a significant economic input in crop production. In the United States, over 280 million kilograms of herbicide are applied annually. This review discusses herbicide mode of action, environmental fate, and chemistry, as well as the historical perspectives and future trends in herbicide development. Topics addressed include analytical methods, allelopathy and natural products, biological control, carcinogenicity, herbicide degradation, leaching, sorption, volatilization, movement in soil, enzyme and biosynthesis inhibition, free radical induction, photosynthesis and pigment bleaching, plant growth regulators, seed safeners, water quality, and weed seeds. Primary herbicide groups include acid amides, amino acid analogues, aliphatic carboxylic acids, benzonitriles, bipyridiniums, carbamates, dinitroanilines, diphenyl ethers, imidazoles, inorganic and metallorganic compounds, mycoherbicides, phenoxy acids, phenoxyalkanoic acids, pyridines, pyridazones, phthalics, sulfonylureas, thiocarbamates, triazines, and ureas. Miscellaneous herbicides include acrolein, cinmethylin, clethodim, clomazone, ethofumesate, sethoxydim, and tridiphane. A list of herbicide, agrichemical, and toxicology databases is provided.

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Herbicides

Plimmer

Bradow

Dionigi

et al. 2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Weeds, ie, unwanted plants, reduce crop yields and quality. Of the many approaches used to control weeds, the use of chemical herbicides is considered the most effective and efficient. Herbicides are a critical factor in agricultural productivity and represent a significant economic input in crop production. This review discusses herbicide mode of action, environmental fate, and chemistry, as well as the historical perspectives and future trends in herbicide development. Topics addressed include analytical methods, allelopathy and natural products, biological control, carcinogenicity, herbicide degradation, leaching, sorption, volatilization, movement in soil, enzyme and biosynthesis inhibition, free‐radical induction, photosynthesis and pigment bleaching, plant growth regulators, seed safeners, water quality, and weed seeds. Primary herbicide groups include acid amides, amino acid analogues, aliphatic carboxylic acids, benzonitriles, bipyridiniums, carbamates, dinitroanilines, diphenyl ethers, imidazoles, inorganic and metallorganic compounds, mycoherbicides, phenoxy acids, phenoxyalkanoic acids, pyridines, pyridazones, phthalics, sulfonylureas, thiocarbamates, triazines, and ureas. Miscellaneous herbicides include acrolein, cinmethylin, clethodim, clomazone, ethofumesate, sethoxydim, and tridiphane. A list of herbicide, agrichemical, and toxicology databases is provided.

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Detection and Degradation of Linuron in Organic Soils

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Residual Fluometuron Levels in Three Arkansas Soils under Continuous Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Production

Residual Fluometuron Levels in Three Arkansas Soils under Continuous Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Production

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