Detection and differentiation of Vibrio vulnificus in seawater and plankton of a coastal zone of the Mediterranean Sea

Maugeri, Teresa L.; Carbone, M.; Fera, M. T.; Gugliandolo, Concetta

doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2005.06.007

Cited by 65 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…All strains from Bangladeshi aquaculture were BT1 (Table 2; see Table S1 in the supplemental material) based on tests for oxidase, lysine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, lactose fermentation, sucrose fermentation, salicin fermentation, D-sorbitol fermentation, cellulose fermentation, o-nitrophenyl-␤-D-galactopyranoside, and D-mannitol fermentation (5,18,39). These results are similar to prior observations that describe V. vulnificus isolates from water, fish, and shellfish sources as predominantly biotype 1 (15,25,28,44). Susceptibility to five antibiotics commonly prescribed in Bangladesh was tested by the Kirby-Bauer method using reference strain ATCC 27562 and included gentamicin (CN10), furazolidone (FR100), trimethoprim sulfamethoprim (SXT 25), cephalothin (CF 30), and ciprofloxacin (CIP 5).…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Genetic Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus Strains from Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh

Mahmud

Wright

Mandal

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Outbreaks of Vibrio vulnificus wound infections in Israel were previously attributed to tilapia aquaculture. In this study, V. vulnificus was frequently isolated from coastal but not freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strains from Bangladesh differed remarkably from isolates commonly recovered elsewhere from fish or oysters and were more closely related to strains of clinical origin.Vibrio vulnificus causes severe wound infections and lifethreatening septicemia (mortality, Ͼ50%), primarily in patients with underlying chronic diseases (10,19,23) and primarily from raw oyster consumption (21). This Gram-negative halophile is readily recovered from oysters (27,35,43) and fish (14) and was initially classified into two biotypes (BTs) based on growth characteristics and serology (5,18,39). Most human isolates are BT1, while BT2 is usually associated with diseased eels (1, 39). An outbreak of wound infections from aquacultured tilapia in Israel (6) revealed a new biotype (BT3). Phenotypic assays do not consistently distinguish biotypes (33), but genetic analyses have helped resolve relationships (20). A 10-locus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme (8, 9) and a similar analysis of 6 loci (13) segregated V. vulnificus strains into two clusters. BT1 strains were in both clusters, while BT2 segregated into a single cluster and BT3 was a genetic mosaic of the two lineages. Significant associations were observed between MLST clusters and strain origin: most clinical strains (BT1) were in one cluster, and the other cluster was comprised mostly of environmental strains (some BT1 and all BT2). Clinical isolates were also associated with a unique genomic island (13).The relationship between genetic lineages and virulence has not been determined, and confirmed virulence genes are universally present in V. vulnificus strains from both clinical and environmental origins (19,23). However, segregation of several polymorphic alleles agreed with the MLST analysis and correlated genotype with either clinical or environmental strain origin. Alleles include 16S rRNA loci (15, 26, 42), a virulence-correlated gene (vcg) locus (31, 41, 42), and repetitive sequence in the CPS operon (12). DiversiLab repetitive extrageneic palindromic (rep-PCR) analysis also confirmed these genetic distinctions and showed greater diversity among clinical strains (12).Wound infections associated with tilapia in Israel implicated aquaculture as a potential source of V. vulnificus in human disease (6,40). Tilapia aquaculture is increasing rapidly, as shown by a 2.8-fold increase in tons produced from 1998 to 2007 (Food and Agriculture Organization; http://www.fao.org /fishery/statistics/en). Therefore, presence of V. vulnificus in tilapia aquaculture was examined in Bangladesh, a region that supports both coastal and freshwater sources of industrial-scale aquaculture. V. vulnificus strains were recovered from market fish, netted fish, and water samples, and the phylogenetic relationship among strains was examined relativ...

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Genetic Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus Strains from Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh

Mahmud

Wright

Mandal

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…16S rRNA gene sequencing is considered to be very reliable method for identification of bacteria by many authors (Gomez-Gill et al, 2003, Maugeri et al, 2006. In the present study both VP1 and VC1 were identified by this method and the involvement of these species in disease manifestation was proved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Isolation ofVibrio parahaemolyticus andVibrio cholerae (Non-O1 and O139) from moribund shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and experimental challenge study against post larvae and juveniles

et al. 2007

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Outbreak of Vibrio infection was reported from a shrimp farm near Chennai, south India. Both green and yellow Vibrio were isolated from disease outbreak of Penaeus monodon (Milne Edwards) culture farm and biochemically confirmed as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. Randomly selected V. parahaemolyticus (VP1) and V. cholerae (VC1) were reconfirmed by partial 16S rRNA gene analysis. Both were tested against post larvae and juveniles of P. monodon by bath challenge test and intramuscular injection respectively. The study revealed that VP1 is more virulent than VC1 isolated from same source against P. monodon post larvae and juveniles. Phylogenetic tree based on comparison of partial 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed close relationship of VP1 with other shrimp pathogens like Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus. There might be some close relationship for disease development among all these strains.

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“…vulnificus biotype 2 was considered an obligate eel pathogen whose main reservoir was the farmed eel (28). This idea was apparently confirmed by its successful isolation from diseased eels, but not from asymptomatic carriers, tank water (even during the outbreaks), wild eels or other environmental sources (waters, oysters) (1,2,48,49,50,51,52). To demonstrate that water could be a natural reservoir for this biotype, survival experiments in artificial and natural water microcosms over short and long terms (months or years) were performed (53,54).…”

Section: Reservoirs For Biotypementioning

confidence: 98%

The Fish Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 2: Epidemiology, Phylogeny, and Virulence Factors Involved in Warm-Water Vibriosis

et al. 2015

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Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is the etiological agent of warm-water vibriosis, a disease that affects eels and other teleosts, especially in fish farms. Biotype 2 is polyphyletic and probably emerged from aquatic bacteria by acquisition of a transferable virulence plasmid that encodes resistance to innate immunity of eels and other teleosts. Interestingly, biotype 2 comprises a zoonotic clonal complex designated as serovar E that has extended worldwide. One of the most interesting virulence factors produced by serovar E is RtxA1 3 , a multifunctional protein that acts as a lethal factor for fish, an invasion factor for mice, and a survival factor outside the host. Two practically identical copies of rtxA1 3 are present in all biotype 2 strains regardless of the serovar, one in the virulence plasmid and the other in chromosome II. The plasmid also contains other genes involved in survival and growth in eel blood: vep07, a gene for an outer membrane (OM) lipoprotein involved in resistance to eel serum and vep20, a gene for an OM receptor specific for eel-transferrin and, probably, other related fish transferrins. All the three genes are highly conserved within biotype 2, which suggests that they are under a strong selective pressure. Interestingly, the three genes are related with transferable plasmids, which emphasizes the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of V. vulnificus in nutrient-enriched aquatic environments, such as fish farms.

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Detection and differentiation of Vibrio vulnificus in seawater and plankton of a coastal zone of the Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Genetic Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus Strains from Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh

Genetic Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus Strains from Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh

Isolation ofVibrio parahaemolyticus andVibrio cholerae (Non-O1 and O139) from moribund shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and experimental challenge study against post larvae and juveniles

The Fish Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 2: Epidemiology, Phylogeny, and Virulence Factors Involved in Warm-Water Vibriosis

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