Detection and enumeration of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in a sewage treatment plant in Iraq

Al-Ghazali, M.R.; Al-Azawi, Salwa K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb01080.x

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The levels of Listeria spp. were statistically lower in sludge of the A plant compared to the other sites (P Ͻ 0.0001), and the highest mean concentration was found in plant C. These variations could not be ascribed to specific environments as previously suggested (1,11) since the lowest numbers of Listeria spp. were found in the wastewater treatment plants downstream from two slaughterhouses (A) or a hospital (F), although wastewater from these facilities are known to be enriched in pathogenic microorganisms (19,23).…”

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“…Previous surveys on the occurrence of Listeria spp. in wastewater treatment plant effluents (1, 2, 4-6, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 25), most dating before 1990 (1,2,8,13,14,20,25), have generally focused on either treated waters (4,5,8,13,14) or sludge (6,11,20), in one (1, 4-6, 8, 13, 14, 16, 20) to three (2, 11) wastewater treatment plants. The aim of the present study was to investigate, using novel methods, the current occurrence of Listeria spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Among the 181 nonredundant strains, the most pathogenic species, L. monocytogenes, predominated (59.1% of the strains, including seven non hemolytic and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C negative, 71.8% of the samples), followed by L. innocua (46.5 and 37.6%, respectively), both species often coexisting (20.4% of the samples). In earlier studies (1,2,8,25), only L. monocytogenes, identified by unknown methods (8,25) or conventional tests including hemolysis (1, 2), was looked for. When Listeria species were differentiated by similar tests, the API Listeria kit or a heteroduplex mobility assay which does not detect mixtures of species, L. monocytogenes was generally found to be predominant, followed by L. innocua (4,5,10,11,13,14,20).…”

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Occurrence of Listeria spp. in Effluents of French Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Paillard

Dubois

Thiébaut

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Occurrence of Listeria spp. in Effluents of French Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Paillard

Dubois

Thiébaut

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…monocytogenes is an environmentally ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen. For example, it can be found on decaying vegetation, in soil (15,43,44), and in sewage sludge (2,7,33). For composted substrates, the occurrence of Listeria spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The presence of L. monocytogenes has been reported in sewage sludge (2,7,17,33) and on plants (42,44), including vegetables (5). Salmonella spp.…”

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Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Lemunier

Francou

Rousseaux

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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For economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. One approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. However, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. Experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. Four organic waste mixtures, containing various proportions of paper and cardboard, fruits and vegetables, and green waste, were composted in laboratory reactors with forced aeration. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were monitored for 12 weeks during composting. The survival of bacteria over a 3-month period at 25°C was assessed with samples collected after different experimental composting times. Strain survival was also monitored in mature sterilized composts. Nonsterile composts did not support pathogen growth, but survival of seeded pathogens was observed. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis survived in all composts, and longer survival (3 months) was observed in mature composts (8 and 12 weeks of composting). Mature biowaste composts may support long-term survival of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis during storage at room temperature. E. coli and L. monocytogenes survival was observed only in 4-week-old composts and never in older composts. Proper composting may prevent long-term survival of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. These results suggest that like composted sewage sludge or manure, domestic waste composts may support pathogen survival. Survival was not related to the physicochemical characteristics of the composts.The presence of pathogens in food and outbreaks of foodassociated diseases can be linked to the poor microbial quality of raw agricultural products (5, 9). Furthermore, the transfer of microbial pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, from amended soil to fresh agricultural products has been described (3,24,37). Composting is a time-honored biological treatment used for organic wastes; the resulting composts are useful in agriculture and horticulture for improving many soil attributes. However, microbial safety of organic amendments and fertilizers used in agriculture is required to prevent colonization by food-borne illness pathogens, like E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. (9). In order to reduce the likelihood of pathogen transfer from waste to fresh produce, several international standards for meeting pathogen limits through composting are available (14, 39). According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) standard, class A composts must not exceed maximal limits for either Salmonella spp. (less than 3 most probable numbers [MPN]/4 g) or thermotolerant coliforms (less than 1,000 MPN/g) (39). A draft of a forthcomin...

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Fecal Contamination in Coastal Areas: An Engineering Approach

Pommepuy

Hervio-Heath

Caprais

et al.

Oceans and Health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment

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The occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in seawater or in shellfish could exist anytime sewage from human or animal origin would be discharged to the coast" (Metcalf, 1982). According to the diseases occurring in the human population or in animals, pathogens might be present in recreational waters or in shellfish. Thus, the presence of human enteric viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV)) and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, etc.) has been reported in coastal areas for a long time (

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Detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in a sewage treatment plant in Iraq

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Occurrence of Listeria spp. in Effluents of French Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Occurrence of Listeria spp. in Effluents of French Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Fecal Contamination in Coastal Areas: An Engineering Approach

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