Detection and identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in soil using intrinsic fluorescence

Qazi, Farah; Shahsavari, Esmaeil; Prawer, S.; Ball, Andrew S.; Tomljenovic‐Hanic, Snjezana

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116010

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for instance, pyrene, can be considered preferred fluorophore units due to their chemical stability and high quantum yields [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Copolymers of Styrene with Pendant Fluorophore Moieties: Synthesis and Applications as Fluorescence Sensors for Nitroaromatics

et al. 2022

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Five random copolymers comprising styrene and styrene with pendant fluorophore moieties, namely pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and triphenylamine, in molar ratios of 10:1, were synthesized and employed as fluorescent sensors. Their photophysical properties were investigated using absorption and emission spectral analyses in dichloromethane solution and in solid state. All copolymers possessed relative quantum yields up to 0.3 in solution and absolute quantum yields up to 0.93 in solid state, depending on their fluorophore components. Fluorescence studies showed that the emission of these copolymers is highly sensitive towards various nitroaromatic compounds, both in solution and in the vapor phase. The detection limits of these fluorophores for nitroaromatic compounds in dichloromethane solution proved to be in the range of 10−6 to 10−7 mol/L. The sensor materials for new hand-made sniffers based on these fluorophores were prepared by electrospinning and applied for the reliable detection of nitrobenzene vapors at 1 ppm in less than 5 min.

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for instance, pyrene, can be considered preferred fluorophore units due to their chemical stability and high quantum yields [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Copolymers of Styrene with Pendant Fluorophore Moieties: Synthesis and Applications as Fluorescence Sensors for Nitroaromatics

et al. 2022

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“…One interesting intrinsic chemical property of phenanthrene is its autofluorescence . Indeed, this well-known phenomenon has been used to detect a series of PAHs, which are widely regarded as undesirable environmentally persistent pollutants on Earth. − For example, autofluorescence has enabled the migration of phenanthrene, anthracene, or pyrene within the soil to be monitored via confocal microscopy Figure shows a second optical microscopy image recorded for phenanthrene microparticles prepared via high-shear homogenization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Autofluorescent Phenanthrene Microparticles via Emulsification: A Useful Synthetic Mimic for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Cosmic Dust

Chan,

Wills,

Tandy

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Phenanthrene is the simplest example of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Herein, we exploit its relatively low melting point (101 °C) to prepare microparticles from molten phenanthrene droplets by conducting high-shear homogenization in a 3:1 water/ethylene glycol mixture at 105 °C using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) as a non-ionic polymeric emulsifier. Scanning electron microscopy studies confirm that this protocol produces polydisperse phenanthrene microparticles with a spherical morphology: laser diffraction studies indicate a volume-average diameter of 25 ± 21 μm. Such projectiles are fired into an aluminum foil target at 1.87 km s–1 using a two-stage light gas gun. Interestingly, the autofluorescence exhibited by phenanthrene aids analysis of the resulting impact craters. More specifically, it enables assessment of the spatial distribution of any surviving phenanthrene in the vicinity of each crater. Furthermore, these phenanthrene microparticles can be coated with an ultrathin overlayer of polypyrrole, which reduces their autofluorescence. In principle, such core–shell microparticles should be useful for assessing the extent of thermal ablation that is likely to occur when they are fired into aerogel targets. Accordingly, polypyrrole-coated microparticles were fired into an aerogel target at 2.07 km s–1. Intact microparticles were identified at the end of carrot tracks and their relatively weak autofluorescence suggests that thermal ablation during aerogel capture did not completely remove the polypyrrole overlayer. Thus, these new core–shell microparticles appear to be useful model projectiles for assessing the extent of thermal processing that can occur in such experiments, which have implications for the capture of intact PAH-based dust grains originating from cometary tails or from plumes emanating from icy satellites (e.g., Enceladus) in future space missions.

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“…Fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to detect a wide range of organic and biogenic materials such as microbes, amino acids, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, bacteria, algae and phytoplankton, fungi, proteins, dissolved organic matter in water, PAHs, lipids, biominerals, fossils, etc. 9–36 Similarly, minerals containing transition metals and rare-earth ions also give strong luminescence signals, which overlap with the fluorescence signals from organic materials in the wavelength domain. This interference from mineral luminescence has been an issue for detecting biological materials among rocks when using traditional instrumentation.…”

Section: Working Principle Of Cocobimentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Color Biofinder (CoCoBi): Fast, Standoff, Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons for the Detection of Life

et al. 2021

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We have developed a compact instrument called the “COmpact COlor BIofinder”, or CoCoBi, for the standoff detection of biological materials and organics with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a nondestructive approach in a wide area. The CoCoBi system uses a compact solid state, conductively cooled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) nanosecond pulsed laser capable of simultaneously providing two excitation wavelengths, 355 and 532 nm, and a compact, sensitive-gated color complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera detector. The system is compact, portable, and determines the location of biological materials and organics with PAHs in an area 1590 cm2 wide, from a target distance of 3 m through live video using fast fluorescence signals. The CoCoBi system is highly sensitive and capable of detecting a PAH concentration below 1 part per billion from a distance of 1 m. The color images provide the simultaneous detection of various objects in the target area using shades of color and morphological features. We demonstrate that this unique feature successfully detected the biological remains present in a 150-million-year-old fossil buried in a fluorescent clay matrix. The CoCoBi was also successfully field-tested in Hawaiian ocean water during daylight hours for the detection of natural biological materials present in the ocean. The wide-area and video-speed imaging capabilities of CoCoBi for biodetection may be highly useful in future NASA rover–lander life detection missions.

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Detection and identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in soil using intrinsic fluorescence

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Random Copolymers of Styrene with Pendant Fluorophore Moieties: Synthesis and Applications as Fluorescence Sensors for Nitroaromatics

Random Copolymers of Styrene with Pendant Fluorophore Moieties: Synthesis and Applications as Fluorescence Sensors for Nitroaromatics

Synthesis of Autofluorescent Phenanthrene Microparticles via Emulsification: A Useful Synthetic Mimic for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Cosmic Dust

Compact Color Biofinder (CoCoBi): Fast, Standoff, Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons for the Detection of Life

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