Detection and Identification of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae and Ehrlichiae in African Ticks

Parola, Philippe; Inokuma, Hisashi; Jl, Camicas; Brouqui, Philippe; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.3201/eid0706.010616

Cited by 170 publications

(156 citation statements)

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“…The reported detection of E. chaffeensis in dogs and in a human being from Bloemfontein (Pretorius et al, 1999) was based on serological assay and not on the detection of parasite DNA. Serological cross-reactivity between Ehrlichia infections is known to occur (Parola et al, 2001) which suggests that molecular assays should be used to support serological evidence. On the other hand, a species closely related to A. phagocytophilum has been identified from three dog specimens in South Africa (Inokuma et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa

Matjila¹,

Leisewitz²,

Jongejan³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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A total of 1138 blood specimens were collected over a 6-year period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) from domestic dogs in South Africa. Specimens from domestic dogs were obtained from the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital (OVAH) in Pretoria, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Johannesburg, Durban, East London and Bloemfontein) and private practices from four provinces (Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape). All specimens were screened for Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species using PCR and Reverse Line Blot (RLB) assays. On RLB, 560/1137 domestic dog-specimens were positive for one or more parasites. Of the positive domestic dog-specimens, 420 (75%) were infected with Babesia rossi; 82 (15%) dogs were infected with Theileria sp. (dog); 18 (3%) dogs were infected with Babesia vogeli; 14 (3%) specimens were infected with Ehrlichia canis. Mixed infections were also found: B. rossi and E. canis were detected in 12 (2%) specimens; B. vogeli and E. canis occurred in 7 (1%) specimens; Theileria sp. (dog) and E. canis in 3 (0.5%) specimens; B. rossi and B. vogeli in one specimen. B. rossi, B. vogeli and E. canis occurred simultaneously in one dog. There was also one incidental finding of a dog positive for Trypanosoma congolense. The results indicate that a wide range of tick-borne pathogens are circulating in the canine populations in South Africa. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa

Matjila¹,

Leisewitz²,

Jongejan³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Between 1984 and 2004, nine more species or subspecies of tick-borne spotted fever rickettsiae were identified as emerging pathogens throughout the world, including, R. japonica in Japan [6,46,65,71,72,[82][83][84]146]; "R. conorii caspia" in Astrakhan [35,38,39,143], Africa [47] and Kosovo [48]; R. africae in sub-Saharan Africa and the West Indies [62,63]; R. honei in the Flinders Island, offshore of Australia [9,57,140,141], the Island of Tasmania, Australia [153], Thailand [73], and possibly in the USA [13]; R. slovaca in Europe [29,74,101,122]; "R. sibirica mongolotimonae" in China [157], Europe [44,118] and Africa [106,113]; R. heilongjiangensis in China [42,49]; R. aeschlimannii in Africa [11,112,121] and Europe [43]; and finally R. parkeri in the USA [104]. R. helvetica is also suspected to be a human pathogen in Europe [45] and Asia [46,61,107], but this needs c...…”

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous ticks can attack a host at the same time and Amblyomma spp. are highly infected by rickettsiae [62,106]. Thus, cases of African tick-bite fever often occur as grouped cases among subjects entering the bush (safari, raid adventure…) and people can suffer several tick bites simultaneously [62].…”

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick- and flea-borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses

2005

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- Between 1984 and2004, nine more species or subspecies of spotted fever rickettsiae were identified as emerging agents of tick-borne rickettsioses throughout the world. Six of these species had first been isolated from ticks and later found to be pathogenic to humans. The most recent example is Rickettsia parkeri, recognized as a human pathogen more than 60 years after its initial isolation from ticks. A new spotted fever rickettsia, R. felis was also found to be associated with fleas and to be a human pathogen. Similarly, bacteria within the family Anaplasmataceae have been considered to be of veterinary importance only, yet three species have been implicated in human diseases in recent years, including Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human anaplasmosis (formerly known as "human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent", E. equi and E. phagocytophila), and finally Ehrlichia ewingii, which causes granulocytic ehrlichiosis in humans. We present here an overview of the various tick-and flea-borne rickettsial zoonoses described in the last 20 years, focusing on the ecological, epidemiological and clinical aspects.

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“…The Astrakhan strain has also been isolated from a patient in Chad . R. sibirica mongolitimonae strain was identified in Hyalomma truncatum ticks in Niger in 2001 (Parola et al, 2001) and the first human case in Africa was documented in South Africa (Pretorius & Birtles, 2004). Other cases have been reported to have been acquired in Algeria (Fournier et al, 2005) and Egypt .…”

Section: The Genus Rickettsiamentioning

confidence: 99%