Detection and Imaging of the Crab Nebula With the Nuclear Compton Telescope

Bandstra, Mark S.; Bellm, Eric C.; Boggs, Steven E.; Perez-Becker, Daniel; Zoglauer, Andreas; Chang, Hsiang-Kuang; Chiu, Jeng Jiann; Liang, J. M.; Chang, Yu Shan; Liu, Z.-K.; Hung, Wei‐Chin; Huang, M. A.; Chiang, S.J.; Run, Ray-Shine; Lin, Chih-Hsun; Amman, M.; Luke, P.N.; Jean, P.; Ballmoos, P. von; Wunderer, C.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/738/1/8

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The effect is strongest on adjacent strips, but strips that are separated by one strip also exhibit this effect. Since the crosstalk effect is linear with energy, it is possible to correct for it, as described in [7].…”

Section: Crosstalk Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking COSI's detector effects engine

Sleator¹,

Boggs²,

Chiu³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of 11th INTEGRAL Conference Gamma-Ray Astrophysics in Multi-Wavelength Perspective — PoS(INTEGRAL2016)

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The Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) is a balloon-borne gamma-ray (0.2-5 MeV) telescope with inherent sensitivity to polarization. COSI's main goal is to study astrophysical sources such as γ-ray bursts, positron annihilation, Galactic nucleosynthesis, and compact objects. COSI employs a compact Compton telescope design utilizing 12 high-purity cross strip germanium detectors (size: 8 × 8 × 1.5 cm 3 , 2 mm strip pitch). We require well-benchmarked simulations to simulate the full instrument response used for data analysis, to optimize our analysis algorithms, and to better understand our instrument and the in-flight performance. In order to achieve a reasonable agreement, we have built a comprehensive mass model of the instrument and developed a detailed detector effects engine, which takes into account the individual performance of each strip as well as the characteristics of the overall detector system. We performed detailed Monte-Carlo simulations with Cosima/Geant4, applied the detector effects engine, and benchmarked the results with pre-flight calibrations using radioactive sources. After applying the detector effects engine, the simulations closely resemble the measurements, and the standard calibration, event reconstruction, and imaging pipeline used for measurements can also be applied to the simulations. In this manuscript, we will describe the detector effects engine, the benchmarking tests with calibrations, and the application to preliminary results from COSI's 46-day balloon flight in 2016.

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Section: Crosstalk Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking COSI's detector effects engine

Sleator¹,

Boggs²,

Chiu³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of 11th INTEGRAL Conference Gamma-Ray Astrophysics in Multi-Wavelength Perspective — PoS(INTEGRAL2016)

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show abstract

“…4) were also obtained to verify the strip mapping and the detector orientation. Utilizing the experience gained from previous calibrations [17][18][19] as well as detailed Monte-Carlo simulations, a detailed calibration plan [20] was developed, and preliminary calibrations were carried out.…”

Section: Cosi Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total duration was $ 38.5 h with nine of the ten detectors operational for a total of 22 h at float altitudes. The Crab (NebulaþPulsar) was detected [4] with a significance of 6σ [5] using 7 h of data at $ 40 km float altitude and events from 0.25 to 1.5 MeV (excluding the 511-keV background line). The resulting image, created using a ML-EM reconstruction algorithm [6], was the first reported detection of an astrophysical source by a compact Compton telescope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The upcoming balloon campaign of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI)

Chiu

Boggs

Chang

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Despite the scientific richness of this regime of the electromagnetic spectrum, the challenges of observing astrophysical soft γ-rays are numerous. These include a high instrumental background, low interaction cross sections, and the need to conduct observations above the atmosphere [3]. Due to these challenges, relatively few instruments have been designed to perform these intriguing observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking simulations of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager with calibrations

Sleator

Zoglauer

Lowell

et al. 2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) is a balloon-borne γ-ray (0.2-5 MeV) telescope designed to study astrophysical sources. COSI employs a compact Compton telescope design utilizing 12 highpurity germanium double-sided strip detectors and is inherently sensitive to polarization. In 2016, COSI was launched from Wanaka, New Zealand and completed a successful 46-day flight on NASA's new Super Pressure Balloon. In order to perform imaging, spectral, and polarization analysis of the sources observed during the 2016 flight, we compute the detector response from well-benchmarked simulations. As required for accurate simulations of the instrument, we have built a comprehensive mass model of the instrument and developed a detailed detector effects engine which applies the intrinsic detector performance to Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated detector effects include energy, position, and timing resolution, thresholds, dead strips, charge sharing, charge loss, crosstalk, dead time, and detector trigger conditions. After including these effects, the simulations closely resemble the measurements, the standard analysis pipeline used for measurements can also be applied to the simulations, and the responses computed from the simulations are accurate. We have computed the systematic error that we must apply to measured fluxes at certain energies, which is 6.3% on average. Here we describe the detector effects engine and the benchmarking tests performed with calibrations.

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Detection and Imaging of the Crab Nebula With the Nuclear Compton Telescope

Cited by 56 publications

References 51 publications

Benchmarking COSI's detector effects engine

Benchmarking COSI's detector effects engine

The upcoming balloon campaign of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI)

Benchmarking simulations of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager with calibrations

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