Detection and Isolation of Highly Pathogenic H5n1 Avian Influenza a Viruses From Blow Flies Collected in the Vicinity of an Infected Poultry Farm in Kyoto, Japan, 2004

Sawabe, Kyoko; Hoshino, Kazuki; Isawa, Haruhiko; Sasaki, Toshinori; Hayashi, Toshihiko; Tsuda, Yuichi; Kurahashi, Hiroki; Tanabayashi, Kiyoshi; Hotta, Akitoyo; Saito, Takehiko; Yamada, Akio; Kobayashi, Mutsuo

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.327

Cited by 83 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Sawabe et al (2006) suggested that blowflies carrying highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 were responsible for the outbreak of avian influenza in Japan in 2004. Nielsen et al (2011) reported that low pathogenic avian influenza H5N7 and H7N1 remained viable in the digestive tract of houseflies.…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

2015

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The present opinion has the format of a risk profile and presents potential biological and chemical hazards as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards associated with farmed insects used as food and feed taking into account of the entire chain, from farming to the final product. The opinion also addresses the occurrence of these hazards in non-processed insects, grown on different substrate categories, in comparison to the occurrence of these hazards in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. When currently allowed feed materials are used as substrate to feed insects, the possible occurrence of microbiological hazards is expected to be comparable to their occurrence in other nonprocessed sources of protein of animal origin. The possible occurrence of prions in non-processed insects will depend on whether the substrate includes protein of human or ruminant origin. Data on transfer of chemical contaminants from different substrates to the insects are very limited. Substrates like kitchen waste, human and animal manure are also considered and hazards from insects fed on these substrates need to be specifically assessed. It is concluded that for both biological and chemical hazards, the specific production methods, the substrate used, the stage of harvest, the insect species and developmental stage, as well as the methods for further processing will all have an impact on the occurrence and levels of biological and chemical contaminants in food and feed products derived from insects. Hazards related to the environment are expected to be comparable to other animal production systems. The opinion also identifies the uncertainties (lack of knowledge) related to possible hazards when insects are used as food and feed and notes that there are no systematically collected data on animal and human consumption of insects. Studies on the occurrence of microbial pathogens of vertebrates as well as published data on hazardous chemicals in reared insects are scarce. Further data generation on these issues are highly recommended. Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed EFSA Scientific Committee AbstractThe present opinion has the format of a risk profile and presents potential biological and chemical hazards as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards associated with farmed insects used as food and feed taking into account of the entire chain, from farming to the final product. The opinion also addresses the occurrence of these hazards in non-processed insects, grown on different substrate categories, in comparison to the occurrence of these hazards in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. When currently allowed feed materials are used as substrate to feed insects, the possible occurrence of microbiological hazards is expected to be comparable to their occurrence in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. The possible occurrence of prions in nonprocessed insects will depend on whether the substrate includes protein ...

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Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

2015

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“…High-pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 viruses have been detected in flies captured within a radius of 1.4 miles (2.25 km) around infected premises, 33 and wind can carry flies over long distances.…”

Section: Number Of Outdoor Flies On the Infected Premises (R 7 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A federal and state transport plan for movement of eggs and egg products from commercial egg production premises in a high-pathogenicity avian influenza control area

Trampel¹,

Zack²,

Clouse³

et al. 2009

javma

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“…Research carried out during an HPAI outbreak in Kyoto, Japan in 2004, found that flies caught in proximity to broiler facilities where the outbreak took place, carried the same strains of H5N1 influenza virus as found in chickens of an infected poultry farm (Sawabe et al, 2006). A study in Denmark found that as many as 30,000 flies may enter a broiler facility during a single flock rotation in the summer months (Hald et al, 2004), suggesting that the impact of insect vectors may be significant.…”

Section: Biosecurity In Industrial Animal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Food Animal Production and Global Health Risks: Exploring the Ecosystems and Economics of Avian Influenza

et al. 2009

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Many emerging infectious diseases in human populations are associated with zoonotic origins.Attention has often focused on wild animal reservoirs, but most zoonotic pathogens of recent concern to human health either originate in, or are transferred to, human populations from domesticated animals raised for human consumption. Thus, the ecological context of emerging infectious disease comprises two overlapping ecosystems: the natural habitats and populations of wild animals, and the anthropogenically controlled habitats and populations of domesticated species. Intensive food animal production systems and their associated value chains dominate in developed countries and are increasingly important in developing countries. These systems are characterized by large numbers of animals being raised in confinement with high throughput and rapid turnover. Although not typically recognized as such, industrial food animal production generates unique ecosystems-environments that may facilitate the evolution of zoonotic pathogens and their transmission to human populations. It is often assumed that confined food animal production reduces risks of emerging zoonotic diseases. This article provides evidence suggesting that these industrial systems may increase animal and public health risks unless there is recognition of the specific biosecurity and biocontainment challenges of the industrial model. Moreover, the economic drivers and constraints faced by the industry and its participants must be fully understood in order to inform preventative policy. In order to more effectively reduce zoonotic disease risk from industrial food animal production, private incentives for the implementation of biosecurity must align with public health interests.

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Detection and Isolation of Highly Pathogenic H5n1 Avian Influenza a Viruses From Blow Flies Collected in the Vicinity of an Infected Poultry Farm in Kyoto, Japan, 2004

Cited by 83 publications

References 22 publications

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

A federal and state transport plan for movement of eggs and egg products from commercial egg production premises in a high-pathogenicity avian influenza control area

Industrial Food Animal Production and Global Health Risks: Exploring the Ecosystems and Economics of Avian Influenza

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