Detection and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks on Voltage Stability Monitoring of Smart Grids

Ghafouri, Mohsen; Au, Minh; Kassouf, Marthe; Debbabi, Mourad; Assi, Chadi; Yan, Jun

doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3004303

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Ghafouri et al [23] designed a detection and alleviation system that worked against cyber-physical attacks on wide-area management (WAM) systems and their components in electrical SGs. The authors studied the problems of voltage stability after an electrical disturbance and cyber-attacks against the WAM.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

Umran¹,

Lu²,

Abduljabbar³

et al. 2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies, which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new technology called the industrial internet of things (IIoTs). Most of the suggested security mechanisms are vulnerable to several cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on cloud-based services, external trusted authorities, and centralized architectures; they have high computation and communication costs, low performance, and are exposed to a single authority of failure and bottleneck. Blockchain technology (BC) is widely adopted in the industrial sector for its valuable features in terms of decentralization, security, and scalability. In our work, we propose a decentralized, scalable, lightweight, trusted and secure private network based on blockchain technology/smart contracts for the overhead circuit breaker of the electrical power grid of the Al-Kufa/Iraq power plant as an industrial application. The proposed scheme offers a double layer of data encryption, device authentication, scalability, high performance, low power consumption, and improves the industry's operations; provides efficient access control to the sensitive data generated by circuit breaker sensors and helps reduce power wastage. We also address data aggregation operations, which are considered challenging in electric power smart grids. We utilize a multi-chain proof of rapid authentication (McPoRA) as a consensus mechanism, which helps to enhance the computational performance and effectively improve the latency. The advanced reduced instruction set computer (RISC) machines ARM Cortex-M33 microcontroller adopted in our work, is characterized by ultra-low power consumption and high performance, as well as efficiency in terms of real-time cryptographic algorithms such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). This improves the computational execution, increases the implementation speed of the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and provides data integrity and device authenticity at the perceptual layer. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance, data security, real-time data processing, low power consumption (70.880 mW ), and very 5390 CMC, 2023, vol.74, no.3 low memory utilization (2.03% read-only memory (RAM) and 0.9% flash memory) and execution time (0.7424 s) for the cryptographic algorithm. This enables autonomous network reconfiguration on-demand and real-time data processing.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

Umran¹,

Lu²,

Abduljabbar³

et al. 2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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“…M. Ghafouri et al [32] provide a detection and mitigation system against cyber-physical attacks related to a Wide Area Management System (WAM) and its components (i.e., Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) and Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)). A voltage stability problem refers to the instability of the power system to maintain and control the appropriate voltage values at all buses during the regular operation or after an electrical disturbance.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPEAR SIEM: A Security Information and Event Management system for the Smart Grid

et al. 2021

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The technological leap of smart technologies has brought the conventional electrical grid in a new digital era called Smart Grid (SG), providing multiple benefits, such as two-way communication, pervasive control and self-healing. However, this new reality generates significant cybersecurity risks due to the heterogeneous and insecure nature of SG. In particular, SG relies on legacy communication protocols that have not been implemented having cybersecurity in mind. Moreover, the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) creates severe cybersecurity challenges. The Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems constitute an emerging technology in the cybersecurity area, having the capability to detect, normalise and correlate a vast amount of security events. They can orchestrate the entire security of a smart ecosystem, such as SG. Nevertheless, the current SIEM systems do not take into account the unique SG peculiarities and characteristics like the legacy communication protocols. In this paper, we present the Secure and PrivatE smArt gRid (SPEAR) SIEM, which focuses on SG. The main contribution of our work is the design and implementation of a SIEM system capable of detecting, normalising and correlating cyberattacks and anomalies against a plethora of SG application-layer protocols. It is noteworthy that the detection performance of the SPEAR SIEM is demonstrated with real data originating from four real SG use case (a) hydropower plant, (b) substation, (c) power plant and (d) smart home.

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“…In [132], Ghafouri et al propose a FDIA attack on PMU-based voltage stability monitoring in transmission networks. The attack is built based on the computation of the power flow equations, and hence is stealthy to standard detectors.…”

Section: Attacks Against Automatic Voltage Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Cyber-Physical Attacks in Smart Grids: A System-Theoretic Perspective

2021

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This paper presents a review of technical works in the field of cyber-physical attacks on the smart grid. The paper starts by discussing two reference mathematical frameworks proposed in the literature to model a smart grid under attack. Then, a review of cyber-physical attacks on the smart grid is presented, starting from works on false data injection attacks against state estimation. The aim is to present a systematic and quantitative discussion of the basic working principles of the attacks, also in terms of the inner smart grid vulnerabilities and dynamical properties exploited by the attack. The main contribution of the paper is the attempt to provide a unifying view, highlighting the fundamental aspects and the common working principles shared by the attack models, even when targeting different subsystems of the smart grid.

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Detection and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks on Voltage Stability Monitoring of Smart Grids

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

SPEAR SIEM: A Security Information and Event Management system for the Smart Grid

Review of Cyber-Physical Attacks in Smart Grids: A System-Theoretic Perspective

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