Detection and molecular characterization of double-stranded RNA viruses in Philippine Trichomonas vaginalis isolates

Rivera, Windell L.; Justo, Christine Aubrey C.; Diego, Mary Ann Cielo V. Relucio-San; Loyola, Lorenz M.

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2015.07.016

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Various TVV were identified in six of the 18 T. vaginalis samples. Phylogenetic analyses in this study proposed monophyly in TVV1 and TVV2, but TVV3 and TVV4 appear paraphyletic ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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The First Detection of Co-Infection of Double-Stranded RNA Virus 1, 2 and 3 in Iranian Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis

Bokharaei‐Salim

Esteghamati

Khanaliha

et al. 2020

IJPA

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Background: The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infect Trichomonas vaginalis. Some T. vaginalis isolates are infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. In this study, different strains of double-stranded RNA virus in Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis were evaluated for the first time in Iran. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 1550 participants who were referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from June to November 2018. T. vaginalis isolates were cultured in Diamond's modified medium. After the extraction of nucleic acids using a DNA/RNA extraction kit, RT-PCR was performed and PCR products were purified and sequenced. Results: In general 9 (0.6%) isolates were confirmed as T. vaginalis among 1550 collected vaginal samples. Among 9 isolates of T. vaginalis, three of them were infected with TVV1. One isolate has multiple infections with T. vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) as coinfection. The nucleotide BLAST indicated that the T. vaginalis virus 1(TVV1) isolates were most closely related to TVV1-OC5, TVV1-UR1-1.The T. vaginalis virus 2 (TVV2) sequence had also a similarity with TVV2-UR1-1, TVV2-UR1 and TVV2-OC3. The sequence of T. vaginalis virus 3(TVV3) had similarity with TVV3-OC5, TVV3-UR1-1 and TVV3-UR1. Conclusion: Three dsRNA viruses T. vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) were detected using RT-PCR in T. vaginalis Iranian isolates. The coinfection of TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3 in one isolate of T.vaginalis was observed for the first time in Iran.

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“…Various TVV were identified in six of the 18 T. vaginalis samples. Phylogenetic analyses in this study proposed monophyly in TVV1 and TVV2, but TVV3 and TVV4 appear paraphyletic ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The multiple viral infections in a single host has also been reported in the genera Totivirus and Victorivirus ( 1 ). The presence of several TVVs in a single culture may be due to the presence of multiple parasites that were infected with different TVVs or because of synchronous infection of TVVs in a single parasite ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Detection of Co-Infection of Double-Stranded RNA Virus 1, 2 and 3 in Iranian Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis

Bokharaei‐Salim

Esteghamati

Khanaliha

et al. 2020

IJPA

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“…30 In addition to these four TVV subspecies, additional strain diversity has been shown within each TVV species with numbers ranging from 14 to 35 different strains within each main TVV species found at a time. 44,45 Among the four distinct species of TVV known to be found in TV, TVV1 is the most prevalent, followed by TVV2 and TVV3, with TVV4 being the least prevalent. In terms of relatedness, TVV2 and TVV3 are more closely related to one another than to TVV1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior studies have found an association of TVV with TV isolates in various countries and at different prevalence rates. For countries with more than one study, the prevalence rates are reported as a range from the lowest rate to the highest: USA (30–100%), 11,12,15,17–19,22,25–27,36,44,48–50,52,56,59 Cuba (55–100%), 14,34,38,53–55 South Africa (81.9%), 33 Kenya (43.5%), 47 Brazil (60–100%), 30–32,62 Iran (17–50%), 37,46 India (23.3%), 61 Egypt (20–35%), 57,60 China (50–100%), 51 Philippines (19%), 45 South Korea (13.6%), 35 Taiwan (50–100%), 13,23,24,39–43 the Netherlands (50.4%), 58 and the Czech Republic (33–100%). 20,21,28,29…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis virus: a review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a parasitic protozoan responsible for the sexually transmitted infection trichomoniasis. Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) is a nonsegmented, 4.5–5 kbp, double-stranded RNA virus, from the Totiviridae family, which inhabits TV. A capsid protein consisting of 120 subunits is covered in channels aiding in RNA release. TVV is closely associated with the Golgi complex and is transmitted vertically. TVV has four subspecies, TVV1, TVV2, TVV3, and TVV4. The clinical significance of TVV and its effect on the pathogenicity of TV is not well known. We performed a systematic review of the literature on TVV to better understand its clinical significance and its role in the pathogenesis of TV.

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“…TVV seems to be transmitted only vertically, although some studies suggest a correlation between specific genetic polymorphisms and the entry and multiplication of TVV [42,44,47]. The presence of TVV influences negatively the growth rate of T. vaginalis in vitro if compared to uninfected protozoan isolates [48] and there is also evidence for lytic effects of TVV on T. vaginalis [49]. Almost 50 proteins are expressed differentially between TVV-infected and uninfected isolates, including metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins (down-regulated in TVV-positive strains), and ribosomal proteins (up-regulated in TVV-positive strains) [50].…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginalis and Trichomonasvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses of protozoan parasites and viral therapy: Is the time now right?

Barrow

Dujardin

Fasel

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Infections caused by protozoan parasites burden the world with huge costs in terms of human and animal health. Most parasitic diseases caused by protozoans are neglected, particularly those associated with poverty and tropical countries, but the paucity of drug treatments and vaccines combined with increasing problems of drug resistance are becoming major concerns for their control and eradication. In this climate, the discovery/repurposing of new drugs and increasing effort in vaccine development should be supplemented with an exploration of new alternative/synergic treatment strategies. Viruses, either native or engineered, have been employed successfully as highly effective and selective therapeutic approaches to treat cancer (oncolytic viruses) and antibiotic-resistant bacterial diseases (phage therapy). Increasing evidence is accumulating that many protozoan, but also helminth, parasites harbour a range of different classes of viruses that are mostly absent from humans. Although some of these viruses appear to have no effect on their parasite hosts, others either have a clear direct negative impact on the parasite or may, in fact, contribute to the virulence of parasites for humans. This review will focus mainly on the viruses identified in protozoan parasites that are of medical importance. Inspired and informed by the experience gained from the application of oncolytic virus- and phage-therapy, rationally-driven strategies to employ these viruses successfully against parasitic diseases will be presented and discussed in the light of the current knowledge of the virus biology and the complex interplay between the viruses, the parasite hosts and the human host. We also highlight knowledge gaps that should be addressed to advance the potential of virotherapy against parasitic diseases.

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Detection and molecular characterization of double-stranded RNA viruses in Philippine Trichomonas vaginalis isolates

Abstract: This is the first study in the Philippines and one of the two reports worldwide to detect the four TVVs and their concurrent infection in a single T. vaginalis isolate.

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

The First Detection of Co-Infection of Double-Stranded RNA Virus 1, 2 and 3 in Iranian Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis

The First Detection of Co-Infection of Double-Stranded RNA Virus 1, 2 and 3 in Iranian Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis virus: a review of the literature

Viruses of protozoan parasites and viral therapy: Is the time now right?

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