Detection and molecular characterization of equine herpesviruses 1, 2, and 5 in horses in the Republic of Serbia

Radalj, Andrea; Nišavić, Jakov; Krnjaić, Dejan; Valčić, Miroslav; Jovanović, Tanja; Veljović, Ljubiša; Milić, Nataša

doi:10.2754/avb201887010027

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Analysis of the results obtained from EHVs cases outlines that EHV-1 is the most prevalent type detected, with an overall percentage of 62%. This correlates with other studies done in Egypt (64%) 24 and the Republic of Serbia (59.1%), 25 but relatively higher than the findings in Ethiopia (7.5%) 18 and Algeria (2%). 26 In the current study, identification of EHV-2 in 53% equids with signs of respiratory disease is relatively higher than other studies reported around the world.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia

Temesgen¹,

Getachew²,

Negussie³

2021

VMRR

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Background Equine herpesvirus (EHV) infections have major economic, health, and welfare impacts on equids. This study was performed in three selected zones of central Ethiopia with the objectives of detecting EHV-1, -2, and -5 in horses and donkeys with suggestive signs of respiratory tract disease and to assess epidemiological risk factors associated with infections. Methods A total of 58 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from donkeys and horses showing clinical signs of respiratory disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect EHV-1, -2, and -5. Evaluation of the associated risk factors was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Among the 58 equids tested, 36 (62%), 31 (53%), and 15 (25%) equids were positive for EHV-1, -2, and -5, respectively. Concurrent infections with EHV-1 and EHV-2 (31%), EHV-1 and EHV-5 (17%), EHV-2 and EHV-5 (15.5%), and EHV-1, -2, and -5 (13%) were recorded. EHV-1 was detected significantly in higher proportion in donkeys (76%; 95% CI: 1.066–2.251; P = 0.047) compared with horses (51.5%). In contrast, horses had fourteen times more likely to be positive for EHV-2 (OR: 13.66; 95% CI: 3.119–59.816; P = 0.001) compared to donkeys. Detection of EHV-1, -2, and -5 was no significant association with age, sex, and body condition score. Conclusion The present study revealed the molecular evidence of EHV-1, -2, and -5 infection in donkeys and horses with signs of respiratory disease. It also documented that donkeys and horses have varying levels of susceptibility to EHVs. This species-specific in susceptibility difference to EHVs infections should be further elucidated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia

Temesgen¹,

Getachew²,

Negussie³

2021

VMRR

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“…Nevertheless, most of these studies were being conducted through targeting the gB gene. The genetic heterogeneity in this gene has been revealed by some researchers like Lee and Lee; Radalj et al; Ataseven et al (7,36,37). This genetic polymorphism was found in a low level though.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Development of in-house Taqman qPCR assay to detect equine herpesvirus-2 in Al-Qadisiyah city

Al-Saadi¹

2020

IJVS

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EHV-2 is distributed in horses globally. It is clustered within gamma-herpesvirus subfamily and percavirus genus. EHV-2 infection has two phases: latent and lytic. In the later, EHV-2 mainly associated with respiratory and genital symptoms. However, in the quiescent phase of infection, EHV-2 stay dormant in the host till viral reactivation. Our previous study has showed that EHV-2 can be harboured by equine tendons, suggesting that leukocytes possibly carrying EHV-2 for the systemic dissemination. So far, numerous PCR protocols have been performed targeting the gB gene. However, this gene is heterogenic. Therefore, there is a need to develop a quantitative diagnostic approach to detect the quiescent EHV-2 strains. To do this, Taqman qPCR assay was developed to quantify the virus. This was performed by targeting a highly conserved gene known as DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene using constructed plasmid as a standard curve calibrator. The obtained results showed an infection frequency of 33% in which the EHV-2 load reached 6647 copies/100 ng DNA whereas the minimum load revealed as 2 copies/100 ng DNA. The median quantification was found as 141 copies/ 100 ng DNA. Establishment of a credited qPCR assay to quantify EHV-2 could be helpful in the control of the disease.

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“… Balasuriya et al (2015 ) and Radalj et al (2018 ) documented that the molecular methods have advantages of rapidity and accuracy in detection and identification of EHV nucleic acid in clinical samples in compared to the traditional methods such as virus isolation, immunohistochemical, and direct immunofluorescence method. Furthermore, standard virological methods are often very laborious and time-consuming which sheds the light on the requirement for the application of nucleic acid amplification-based detection techniques, such as consensus PCR, which has already been applied in this current study, as a screening assay for EHV, while Conventional PCR was used for EHV typing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of equine herpes viruses type 1 and 4 among Arabian horse populations in Egypt during the period between 2021-2022

Ali,

Abdallah,

Shemies

et al. 2024

Open Vet J

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Background: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of abortion and respiratory disease. Equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4), on the other hand, is exclusively associated with respiratory disease in horse populations worldwide, particularly in Egypt and Arabian countries. Aim: This study aims to investigate the circulation of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the Arabian horse population through molecular detection and genetic characterization of EHV-1 and/or EHV-4 that may threaten the stability of horse industry. Methods: A total of 80 samples including 50 nasal swabs, 10 vaginal swabs and 20 whole blood samples were collected from vaccinated and registered pure-bred Arabian adult horses from different studs in the governorates of northern Egypt(Cairo, Dakahlyia and Qalyubia) from 2021 to 2022. The collected samples were screened using consensus PCR for detection of EHVs using specific primers targeting DNA polymerase gene.The positive samples were subjected to conventional PCR for detection of EHV-1 and/or EHV-4using specific primers targeting glycoprotein(gB)gene.EHV-1 and EHV-4 amplicons were partially sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed using Sanger method. Results: Consensus PCR revealed that 48 out of 80 samples were positive for EHVs with percentage of 60%. Typing of the selected positive samples using conventional PCR showed that 29 out of 80 were positive for EHV-1 with percentage 36.25%, while 24 out of 80 samples were positive for EHV-4 with percentage 30%.Mixed infections with both viruses were detected in 5 samples. The amplified products were sequenced using Sanger method and submitted to GenBank under accession number OM362231MG-1 for EHV-1 strain and OM362232 MG-4 for EHV-4 strain. Sequence analysis and alignments of the amplified fragments of the EHV-1 and EHV-4 glycoprotein B (gB) gene to that of GenBank-derived reference strains revealed a high degree of similarity. According to the phylogenetic tree, the obtained sequences of EHV-1 and 4 in the current study showed homogeneity with local Egyptian and foreign EHV-1 and 4 strains and heterogeneity with EHV-2 and 5. Conclusion: The current investigation showed that molecular methods are appropriate assays for an efficient and accurate diagnosis of EHVs. Furthermore, it supports earlier research findings about the prevalence of EHV-1 and 4 in Arabian horse populations in Egypt.

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Detection and molecular characterization of equine herpesviruses 1, 2, and 5 in horses in the Republic of Serbia

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia

Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia

Development of in-house Taqman qPCR assay to detect equine herpesvirus-2 in Al-Qadisiyah city

Molecular characterization of equine herpes viruses type 1 and 4 among Arabian horse populations in Egypt during the period between 2021-2022

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