Detection and Occurrence of Microcystins and Nodularins in Lake Manatee and Lake Washington-Two Floridian Drinking Water Systems

Melaram, Rajesh; Lopez-Dueñas, Brandon

doi:10.3389/frwa.2022.899572

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The latter might indicate a potential health threat to humans and animals since microcystin concentrations in the karst aquifer of the YPM can be very variable; a more in-depth study considering the water body type, the season, and other environmental factors should be considered for a better understanding of such risks. It is well known that microcystin concentrations can be variable and can change within monthly periods; for example, in Lake Manatee in Florida microcystin concentrations were variable and reached up to 0.47 µg/L over the summer during algal blooms [66]. In Lake Okeechobee, an intense increase in CyanHAB was detected where Microcystis was identified as the dominant phytoplankton species in 2016, when a state of emergency was declared due to the toxicity of the water [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcystin Concentrations and Detection of the mcyA Gene in Water Collected from Agricultural, Urban, and Recreational Areas in a Karst Aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Ávila-Torres,

Rosiles-González,

Carrillo-Jovel

et al. 2023

Microbiology Research

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The eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems allows the proliferation of cyanobacteria that can produce secondary metabolites such as microcystins. The main aim of this study was to explore the occurrence and concentration of microcystin and the mcyA gene in water bodies located in agricultural, urban, and recreational areas in the karst aquifer of the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico (YPM) and to analyze the water quality variables and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) associated with their presence. Water samples were collected from 14 sites, and microcystin concentrations were quantified using antibody-based ELISA test. Total DNA was isolated from filters and used for PCR amplification of a fragment of the mcyA gene. Amplicons were cloned and sequenced to identify toxin-producing cyanobacteria present in water. Results showed that water bodies had different trophic status based on Carlson’s trophic state index. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN: NH4+ + NO3− + NO2−) and P-PO43− concentrations were within a range of 0.077–18.305 mg DIN/L and 0.025–2.5 mg P-PO43−/L, respectively, per sampled site. All sampled sites presented microcystin concentrations within a range of ≥0.14 µg/L to ≥5.0 µg/L, from which 21.4% (3/14) exceeded the limit established in water quality standards for water consumption (1 µg/L). The mcyA gene fragment was detected in 28.5% (4/14) of the sites. A total of 23 sequences were obtained from which 87% (20/23) shared >95% nucleotide identity (nt) with the genus Microcystis and 13% (3/23) shared >87% nt identity with uncultured cyanobacteria. No correlation with the presence of the mcyA gene and microcystins was found; however, a positive correlation was detected between microcystin concentrations with pH and Chl-a.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcystin Concentrations and Detection of the mcyA Gene in Water Collected from Agricultural, Urban, and Recreational Areas in a Karst Aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Ávila-Torres,

Rosiles-González,

Carrillo-Jovel

et al. 2023

Microbiology Research

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“…Additionally concerning is the threat of cyanotoxin contamination of public drinking waters. This hazard is increasing globally [22,[93][94][95][96]. The Cape Fear River, which provides most of the public water to the Wilmington, NC, area, has hosted toxic cyanobacteria blooms [97].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the US Great Lakes region, massive cyanoHABs have incited moratoria on public drinking water due to high concentrations of cyanotoxins [18,19]. The state of Florida (US) has experienced continuous intense and toxic cyanobacteria blooms in both fresh and estuarine waters [20], resulting in toxin exposure and illness in humans [21], drinking water contamination [22], and extensive seagrass loss in Florida Bay [23]. Anthropogenic land use and population growth in the Lake Victoria Basin (Africa) have increased the demand for freshwater while simultaneously endangering the water source, now plagued by cyanobacteria blooms [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful Algal Blooms: A Prolific Issue in Urban Stormwater Ponds

Grogan

Alves‐de‐Souza

Cahoon

et al. 2023

Water

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Nutrient-driven cyanobacteria blooms are an increasingly common issue in freshwater environments, particularly in anthropogenically altered landscapes. As stormwater runoff is one of the largest sources of nutrients for freshwater bodies, stormwater retention ponds in urban and suburban areas are likely environments for harmful cyanobacteria blooms and were thus targeted for an in-depth investigation assessing taxonomic composition, bloom morphological composition, toxicity, and impact of nutrients and other environmental drivers. Eighty-seven algal blooms were sampled from 2019 to 2022 in the greater Wilmington, North Carolina, area. Physicochemical parameters were recorded, and blooms were classified by type (defined as surface mat, surface scum, water column distribution, or benthic mat) and dominant taxa. Blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria genera in the water column of stormwater retention ponds were most prevalent. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus was significantly related to chlorophyll-α, Microcystis bloom formation, and the production of microcystin. Seventeen potentially toxic cyanobacteria genera were identified in retention ponds, some of whose blooms demonstrated detectable microcystin. Monoclonal cultures isolated from some blooms were found to produce anabaenopeptin and saxitoxin. The results demonstrate a higher incidence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria over other bloom-forming taxa (chlorophytes, euglenoids, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, and diatoms) in the 39 water bodies sampled. The frequency of blooms occurring in stormwater ponds and the diversity of potentially toxic cyanobacteria identified suggest such harmful blooms are likely widespread in similar freshwater environments across multiple urbanizing areas. The blooms sampled in this study were all within residential, commercial, or recreational areas easily accessible to people, presenting serious hazards to both environmental and public health.

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Cyanobacteria and microcystins contamination in drinking water sources: a review of occurrence, exposure, and mitigation measures

Ahmad,

Sinang,

Rahman

et al. 2024

Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Detection and Occurrence of Microcystins and Nodularins in Lake Manatee and Lake Washington-Two Floridian Drinking Water Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Microcystin Concentrations and Detection of the mcyA Gene in Water Collected from Agricultural, Urban, and Recreational Areas in a Karst Aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Microcystin Concentrations and Detection of the mcyA Gene in Water Collected from Agricultural, Urban, and Recreational Areas in a Karst Aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Harmful Algal Blooms: A Prolific Issue in Urban Stormwater Ponds

Cyanobacteria and microcystins contamination in drinking water sources: a review of occurrence, exposure, and mitigation measures

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