Detection and prevention of hepatitis C in dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. A long‐term follow up (1989–January 1997)

Almroth, Gabriel; Ekermo, Bengt; Månsson, Ann‐Sofie; Svensson, Gunnar; Widell, Anders

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00938.x

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Epidemiological and molecular studies have shown the role of the hemodialysis environment for dissemination of HCV between patients (Djordjevic et al 2000, Schneeberger et al 2000, Almoroth et al 2002, Bdour 2002, Furusyo et al 2004, Sartor et al 2004). In our investigation, length of time on hemodialysis was independently associated with anti-HCV positivity in all period investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, prevalence rates varying from 13% (Souza et al 2003) to 64.7% (Vanderborght et al 1995) have been reported. The screening of anti-HCV in blood banks and the adoption of hemodialysis-specific infection control measures have been implicated in the declining of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients (Djordjevic et al 2000, Almoroth et al 2002, Valtuille et al 2002. In our country, the first measure has been implemented since November 1993, and the latter in the end of 1996 in compliance with news Health Ministry Standards for Renal units which are in accordance with most of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC 2001) recommendations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Decline of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients in Central Brazil: a ten years of surveillance

Carneiro¹,

Teles²,

Dias³

et al. 2005

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been a significant problem for hemodialysis patients. However this infection has declined in regions where the screening for anti-HCV in blood banks and hemodialysis-specific infection controlmeasures were adopted. In Brazil, these measures were implemented in 1993 and 1996, respectively. In addition, all studied units have implemented isolation of anti-HCV positive patients since 2000. In order to evaluate the impact of these policies in the HCV infection prevalence, accumulated incidence, and risk factors in hemodialysis population of Goiânia City, Central Brazil, all patients were interviewed and serum samples tested for HCV antibodies in 1993HCV antibodies in , 1996HCV antibodies in , 1999HCV antibodies in , and 2002. In the first six years (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999), anti-HCV prevalence increased from 28.2 to 37.2%, however a strong decrease in positivity was detected between 1999 and 2002 (37.8 vs 16.5%) when the measures were fully implemented. Also, a decrease of the anti-HCV accumulated incidence in cohorts of susceptible individuals during 1993-2002 (71%), 1996-2002 (34.2%), and 1999-2002 (11.7%) Key words: hepatitis C -hemodialysis -prevalence -incidence -risk factors -Central Brazil Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million of people worldwide. This virus is a common cause of chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, both of which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality (Lauer & Walker 2001, Alberti & Benvegnu 2003, Poynard et al. 2003.HCV is efficiently transmitted by parenteral route. Therefore hemodialysis patients are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis C, because of the frequent past blood transfusion and regular vascular access (CDC 2001). In addition, HCV infected hemodialysis patients have an increased risk of death when compared with those not infected (Stehamn-Breen et al. 1998, Fabrizi et al. 2002.The prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients is usually greater than that found in general population (Fabrizi et al. 2002). On the other way, a high variability in the HCV positivity rates has been found in individuals undergoing hemodialysis, ranging from 3.4% in patients of Netherlands (Schneeberger et al. 2000), to more than 70% in Eastern Europe (Vladutiu et al. 2000). In Brazil, prevalence rates varying from 13% (Souza et al. 2003) to 64.7% (Vanderborght et al. 1995) have been reported. The screening of anti-HCV in blood banks and the adoption of hemodialysis-specific infection control measures have been implicated in the declining of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients (Djordjevic et al. 2000, Almoroth et al. 2002, Valtuille et al. 2002. In our country, the first measure has been implemented since November 1993, and the latter in the end of 1996 in compliance with news Health Ministry Standards for Renal units which are in accordance with most of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC 2001) recommendations. In this study, HCV infection prevalence, accu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients in Central Brazil: a ten years of surveillance

Carneiro¹,

Teles²,

Dias³

et al. 2005

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Several recent studies [31, 52, 54, 59, 65, 79,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150] and one large study [44] reported nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of HCV infection among HD patients performing phylogenetic analysis of HCV viral isolates. Although the potential sources of nosocomial transmission could be dialyzer reuse, internal contamination of HD monitors, and contaminated hands and articles, the two former mechanisms are almost unlikely [92, 93, 151, 152].…”

Section: Evidence Of Nosocomial Transmission and Preventive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

2008

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The reported prevalence of HCV among the HD population has varied greatly from 1.9 to 84.6% in different countries in recent years. The length of time on HD is generally believed to be associated with HCV acquisition in HD subjects. Nevertheless, several recent reports failed to recognize any significant role of blood transfusion. Although there are some considerations about the accuracy of serologic testing in detecting HCV in HD patients, the accumulated data in this review suggest the false-negativity rate to be not more than 1.66% (153/9,220). Therefore, substituting virologic for serologic testing in the routine diagnosis of HCV infection in HD patients seems unreasonable. Several phylogenetic analyzes of viral isolates suggested nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of HCV among HD patients for which the main potential source is believed to be contaminated hands and articles. However, isolation of HCV-infected HD patients and use of dedicated machines are currently unjustified while strict adherence to universal precautions seems to be enough to control disease spread in HD units. The present article is an update on epidemiological and clinical features of HCV in HD population.

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“…Mello Lde et al [23] , 2007 Lopes et al [24] , 2006 Albuquerque et al [25] , 2005 Carneiro et al [26] , 2001 China Maintain 7.01%-37.34% Ren et al [27] , 2011 Qi et al [28] , 2003 Greece 10%-29% Garinis et al [29] , 1999 Rigopoulou et al [30] , 2005 Sypsa et al [31] , 2005 Sweden 11.0% Almroth et al [32] , 2002 Iran 13.2% Alavian et al [33] , 2003 France 16.3% Salama et al [34] , 2000 Tunisia 19%-41.7% Bouzgarrou et al [35] , 2005 Ayed et al [36] , 2003 Libya 20.5% Daw et al [37] , 2002…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients

Wang

et al. 2014

WJH

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currently the main treatment strategies for MHD patients with active HCV replication, but how to increase the sustained virological response and decrease the side effects is the key problem. IFNα-free treatments with two or three direct-acting antivirals without ribavirin in MHD patients are waiting for future investigations. Key words: Hemodialysis; Hepatitis C virus; Epidemiology; Risk factors; Prophylaxis; Treatment Core tip: The new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections during maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in recent years are mainly caused by the lack of stringent universal precautions. Strict implementation of universal precautions for HCV transmission has led to markedly decreased HCV infections in many hemodialysis units, but the anti-HCV negative HCV infection and occult HCV infection in MHD patients still should be noted. How to increase the sustained virological response and decrease the side effects is the key problem for the currently recommended interferon alpha-based antiviral therapy in MHD patients. Interferon alpha-free treatments with two or three direct-acting antivirals without ribavirin in MHD patients are waiting for future investigations.

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Detection and prevention of hepatitis C in dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. A long‐term follow up (1989–January 1997)

Abstract: Abstract. Almroth G, Ekermo B, Ma Ênsson A-S,

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Decline of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients in Central Brazil: a ten years of surveillance

Decline of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients in Central Brazil: a ten years of surveillance

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

Management of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients

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