Detection and quantification of <i>Staphylococcus</i> in chronic rhinosinusitis

Mackenzie, Brett Wagner; Baker, Jesse; Douglas, Richard; Taylor, Michael W.; Biswas, Kristi

doi:10.1002/alr.22425

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Disease control participants were defined as patients undergoing endoscopic sinonasal surgery for reasons unrelated to CRS. The bacterial composition of the 40 participants undergoing surgery has been published previously as part of a different study (Wagner Mackenzie et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Mackenzie

West

Waite

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Human microbiome studies remain focused on bacteria, as they comprise the dominant component of the microbiota. Recent advances in sequencing technology and optimization of amplicon sequencing protocols have allowed the description of other members of the microbiome, including eukaryotes (fungi) and, most recently, archaea. There are no known human-associated archaeal pathogens. Their diversity and contribution to health and chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), are unknown. Patients with CRS suffer from long-term sinus infections, and while the microbiota is hypothesized to play a role in its pathogenesis, the exact mechanism is poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, we applied a recently optimized protocol to describe the prevalence, diversity and abundance of archaea in swab samples from the middle meatus of 60 individuals with and without CRS. A nested PCR approach was used to amplify the archaeal 16S rRNA gene for sequencing, and bacterial and archaeal load (also based on 16S rRNA genes) were estimated using Droplet Digital TM PCR (ddPCR). A total of 16 archaeal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota were identified. Archaeal ASVs were detected in 7/60 individuals, independent of disease state, whereas bacterial ASVs were detected in 60/60. Bacteria were also significantly more abundant than archaea. The ddPCR method was more sensitive than amplicon sequencing at detecting archaeal DNA in samples. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to visualize the evolutionary relationships between archaeal ASVs, isolates and clones. ASVs were placed into phylogenetic clades containing an apparent paucity of human-associated reference sequences, revealing how little studied the human archaeome is. This is the largest study to date to examine the human respiratory-associated archaeome, and provides the first insights into the prevalence, diversity and abundance of archaea in the human sinuses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples from healthy volunteers were thawed on ice, and DNA was extracted from pairs of swabs using the Qiagen® AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini Kit (Bio-Strategy Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) as previously described (Wagner Mackenzie et al, 2019 ). DNA from all samples, including those from the previous study, was extracted in a consistent manner.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Mackenzie

West

Waite

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Chronic rhinosinusitis can occur with or without nasal polyps, and accumulated evidence is now convincing that SAgs form S. aureus can cause chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (Cheng et al 2017;Dobretsov et al 2019;Poddighe and Vangelista, 2020;Van Zele et al 2004;Wagner Mackenzie et al 2019). It is believed that SAgs can tilt the response of cytokines to the T helper 2 phenotype, thereby inducing eosinophilia and polyclonal IgE production, which may be further related to asthma (Bachert et al 2010;Delemarre et al 2020;Flora et al 2019;Stow et al, 2010;Van Zele et al 2008).…”

Section: Chronic Rhinosinusitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins

Fang

et al. 2021

Animal Diseases

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Staphylococcal superantigen (SAg) toxins are the most notable virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus, which is a pathogen associated with serious community and hospital acquired infections in humans and various diseases in animals. Recently, SAg toxins have become a superfamily with 29 types, including staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with emetic activity, SE-like toxins (SEls) that do not induce emesis in primate models or have yet not been tested, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). SEs and SEls can be subdivided into classical types (SEA to SEE) and novel types (SEG to SElY, SE01, SE02, SEl26 and SEl27). The genes of SAg toxins are located in diverse accessory genetic elements and share certain structural and biological properties. SAg toxins are heat-stable proteins that exhibit pyrogenicity, superantigenicity and capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin in humans and animals. They have multiple pathogenicities that can interfere with normal immune function of host, increase the chances of survival and transmission of pathogenic bacteria in host, consequently contribute to the occurrence and development of various infections, persistent infections or food poisoning. This review focuses on the following aspects of SAg toxins: (1) superfamily members of classic and novelty discovered staphylococcal SAgs; (2) diversity of gene locations and molecular structural characteristics; (3) biological characteristics and activities; (4) multi-pathogenicity of SAgs in animal and human diseases, including bovine mastitis, swine sepsis, abscesses and skin edema in pig, arthritis and septicemia in poultry, and nosocomial infections and food-borne diseases in humans.

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“…Patient clinical and bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data were obtained from previous studies conducted by our research group (Biswas et al, 2017(Biswas et al, , 2019Hoggard et al, 2017a;Jain et al, 2018;Wagner Mackenzie et al, 2019a;Lux et al, 2020). Amplicon sequence data originating from intra-operatively collected swab or tissue samples from 156 CRS patients diagnosed according to the EPOS 2012 criteria (Fokkens et al, 2012) and 45 disease control patients collected between 2015 and 2018 were collated (Supplementary Table 1).…”

Section: Cohorts and Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Prescription Patterns and Associations With Patient Outcome and the Sinus Microbiota

et al. 2020

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BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and debilitating inflammatory condition of the sinuses, afflicting 5% of the general population. Although antibiotics are frequently prescribed for the medical management of CRS, there is surprisingly little evidence to support their efficacy. In this study, we aimed to establish associations between medication usage, the sinus microbiota and patients’ clinical outcomes.MethodsAntibiotic prescription patterns for the year before sample collection of 156 CRS patients, 45 disease control patients (mostly requiring septoplasty and inferior turbinate reduction) and 35 healthy control subjects were examined and analyzed together with previously published bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon data from our group.ResultsThe highest antibiotic usage was observed among the two CRS patient categories. Despite heavy antibiotic usage, CRS patients’ clinical outcomes as indicated by patient questionnaires and radiologic scores were similar to those patients that did not receive any antibiotics. The sinus microbiota was dominated by members of the bacterial genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus in all three cohorts. Bacterial community dispersion as measured by principal coordinate analysis was significantly higher in CRS patients compared to healthy control subjects, but not disease control patients. Pairwise comparisons within cohorts revealed differences in the relative 16S rRNA gene sequence abundances of the genera Staphylococcus and Lawsonella between antibiotic users and non-users. However, overall antibiotic effects were minimal and unpredictable.ConclusionThe unpredictable effects of antibiotic treatment on the sinus microbiota found in this study, together with the lack of differences in patients’ symptom scores between cohorts, do not support preoperative antibiotic treatment for CRS patients.

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Detection and quantification of Staphylococcus in chronic rhinosinusitis

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins

Antibiotic Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Prescription Patterns and Associations With Patient Outcome and the Sinus Microbiota

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