Detection and Quantification of Resting Tremor in Parkinson’s Disease Using Long-Term Acceleration Data

Abstract

Long-term monitoring of resting tremor is key to assess the status of patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is of vital importance for reasonable medication. The detection and quantification of resting tremor in reported works rely heavily on specified movements and are not appropriate for long-term monitoring in real-life condition. The purpose of this study is to develop a detection model for long-term monitoring of resting tremor and explore an effective indicator for tremor quantification. This study included long-term acceleration data from PD patients and proposed a resting tremor detection model based on machine learning classifiers and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Four machine learning classifiers, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were compared. Furthermore, an indicator called tremor timing ratio (TTR) was defined and calculated for tremor quantification. The detection model with RF classifier achieved the highest overall accuracy of 94.81%. The sample entropy of the acceleration signal was proved most influential in the classification by exploring the feature importance. Through the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test, the TTR had a strong correlation with the subscore of resting tremor in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Such two-step evaluation process for resting tremor can detect the tremor effectively and is expected to be applied in long-term monitoring of PD patients in daily life to realize a more comprehensive assessment of PD.

Comparison of resting tremor at the upper limb joints between patients with Parkinson’s disease and scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit

“…Reportedly, the frequency of resting tremor in PD mainly ranges between 4 and 7 Hz [ 20 ]. Therefore, a digital filter with a passband of 0.65–12.5 Hz was used to remove low-frequency drift and high-frequency noise [ 26 ].…”

“…Reportedly, the frequency of resting tremor in PD mainly ranges between 4 and 7 Hz [20]. Therefore, a digital filter with a passband of 0.65-12.5 Hz was used to remove low-frequency drift and high-frequency noise [26]. RMS angular speed and angular displacement were used to represent the mean speed and mean amplitude of the involuntary and oscillatory movement caused by resting tremor, respectively [6,7].…”