Detection and Quantitation of Resveratrol in Tomato Fruit (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.)

Abstract

Resveratrol is a stilbene phytoalexin well-known for its presence in grape, wine, and peanut. As a result of its antioxidant and chemopreventative properties, it has gained much attention as a functional food ingredient. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the detection of resveratrol, its 3-glucopyranoside piceid, and the cis isomers of both compounds has been developed and used to quantitate the levels of these compounds in the skin of commercially available tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The resveratrol concentration remains relatively stable during fruit maturation, reaching a maximum concentration in the skin of 18.4 +/- 1.6 microg/g dry weight at 4 weeks postbreaker. No stilbenes were detected in the flesh of tomato fruit.

The stilbene profile in edible berries

“…Many analytical methods with various detection techniques are reported for the separation and identification of individual stilbenes in edible berries, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Vrhovsek et al 2012), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Može et al 2011), liquid chromatography with dual detection by a photodiode array and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-QTOF/MS) (Samoticha et al 2017), high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) (Bavaresco et al 2002;Jiang et al 2012;Kiselev et al 2017), high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) (Bavaresco et al 2002;Sun et al 2006;Vilanova et al 2015;Guerrero et al 2010aGuerrero et al , 2016, high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) (Vincenzi et al 2013;Kawakami et al 2014;He et al 2009a), ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF/MS) (Flamini et al 2016;De Rosso et al 2016), ultra-performance liquid chromatography with dual detection by a photodiode array and fluorescence detectors (UPLC/DAD/FL) (Samoticha et al 2017), ultra-performance liquid chromatography with dual detection by a diode array and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC/ DAD/TQD) (Guerrero et al 2010a), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Ragab et al 2006;Viñas et al 2009Viñas et al , 2011, gas chromatographymass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC-MS SIM) (Rimando and Cody 2005), gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection (GLC-FID) (Moriartry et al 2001), capillary electrophoresis (CE) (Ehala et al 2005) and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCC) (He et al 2009b). Various methods are used for analyses of stilbenes contents in the edible berries are different which could also contribute to the observed variability in the published results.…”

“…Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has also been applied for the analyses of stilbenes (Ragab et al 2006;Rimando and Cody 2005;Viñas et al 2009Viñas et al , 2011. Prior to GC-MS, the derivatization of hydroxy groups in stilbenes was performed in order to reduce polarity and increase volatility, and simultaneously, thermal stability of Ragab et al 2006;Viñas et al 2009Viñas et al , 2011.…”

“…Prior to GC-MS, the derivatization of hydroxy groups in stilbenes was performed in order to reduce polarity and increase volatility, and simultaneously, thermal stability of Ragab et al 2006;Viñas et al 2009Viñas et al , 2011. However, due to the lower detectability of this technique only mono-stilbenes were determined such as E-and Z-resveratrol, E-and Z-piceid, pterostilbene and piceatannol.…”

“…Among the analysed edible berries, the highest concentration of stilbenes was found in the seeds of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) (Kawakami et al 2014) by applying 80% EtOH as the solvent for extraction. However, the highest concentration of E-resveratrol in the skin has been found in table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) (Ragab et al 2006) Table 2.…”

Harnessing the health benefits of plant biodiversity originating from the American tropics in the diet

“…Research and study work into the composition of familiar resources such as the tomato [43,44], sweet potato [45,46] or chocolate [40], and less well-known species, such as the acai [36,37], acerola [38] or the camu-camu [39], are beginning to reveal a useful potential for safeguarding consumer health, to be investigated in the rich biodiversity of the American tropics.…”