Detection and Recognition Method of Misfire for Chamber (Deep-Hole) Blasting Based on RFID

Abstract

Deep-hole blasting and chamber blasting technology are widely used in mining and large-scale earth-rock excavation or landfill projects, due to their advantages of high efficiency and low cost. However, their use is often accompanied by misfire accidents, and generally misfire is relatively hidden, as well as difficult to quickly detect and identify, making misfire the greatest potential safety hazard in blasting construction. This paper presents a method and system of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) detection and recognition for blasting misfire, based on electromagnetic wave propagation theory and radio frequency identification technology. Next, the feasibility of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) misfire detection method is analyzed by means of theoretical deduction. Combining field and laboratory tests, it is concluded that the existence of underground misfire with a linear distance of 225 m can be detected. In addition, the detection frequency range is 975-5025 Hz, and the recognition accuracy of multi-frequency signal can reach 2 Hz. The stability of the electric detonator in an electromagnetic environment is discussed, and the danger criterion of the electric detonator in the electromagnetic environment is obtained. When the power of the signal transmitter is less than 120 W and the induction area of the electric detonation network is less than 0.5 m 2 , then the electric detonator is safe. The misfire detection and recognition system has been successfully applied in a deep-hole blasting of an open-pit quarry. It is observed that when the distance between millisecond blasting holes is equal to greater than 5 m, the detection signals between holes will not interfere with each other. This paper provides a reliable, systematic and complete research method for remote wireless detection and identification of misfire, and also provides a basis for the safety of blasting construction and misfire detection in related projects.

Following the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide in On-Site Mixture Explosives: Study of the Effect of the Auxiliary Oxidising Agent and Binder

“…Virtually all explosives currently used for the above purposes contain ammonium nitrate, nitric acid esters or nitrocompounds. Despite their widespread use in blasting operations, such EXs are burdened by significant drawbacks, the most significant of which are the following: Manufacture from non-renewable resources via highly energy-intensive processes; Significant threat to human health and to the environment in the case of nitric acid esters and nitrocompounds [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]; Emission of large amounts of toxic and highly corrosive gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides) upon detonation [ 12 ]; Gradual decomposition, particularly in the case of liquid nitric acid esters, as well as gradual leakage of liquid nitroesters from the explosives, necessitating the use of stabilising and anti-leakage agents; Susceptibility to misfires (primarily in the case of explosives based on ammonium nitrate)—currently one of the primary threats associated with blasting operations [ 13 , 14 ]; Susceptibility to theft and subsequent criminal misuse, due to maintaining the ability to detonate even following improper storage or a misfire during blasting [ 15 ]; Significant risk of fire/explosion during production, transport and disposal, due to susceptibility to undergo detonation caused by various stimuli (e.g., impact, friction) [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]; …”

“…Susceptibility to misfires (primarily in the case of explosives based on ammonium nitrate)—currently one of the primary threats associated with blasting operations [ 13 , 14 ];…”

“…• Manufacture from non-renewable resources via highly energy-intensive processes; • Significant threat to human health and to the environment in the case of nitric acid esters and nitrocompounds [7][8][9][10][11]; • Emission of large amounts of toxic and highly corrosive gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides) upon detonation [12]; • Gradual decomposition, particularly in the case of liquid nitric acid esters, as well as gradual leakage of liquid nitroesters from the explosives, necessitating the use of stabilising and anti-leakage agents; • Susceptibility to misfires (primarily in the case of explosives based on ammonium nitrate)-currently one of the primary threats associated with blasting operations [13,14];…”

Towards “Green” ANFO: Study of Perchlorates and Inorganic Peroxides as Potential Additives

“…Despite the above advantages, ANFO is not free from drawbacks, as it is highly susceptible to water [6], exhibits relatively low performance (typical velocity of detonation is on the order of 2500 m/s) [7], and is prone to misfires [8]. Misfires result in unreacted or partially decomposed explosive that remains in boreholes, constituting a significant risk [9]. This remnant explosive may either smoulder and spontaneously undergo detonation at an unknown time interval or may be accidentally initiated during further activity (e.g., drilling boreholes, blasting operations, disposal of spoil) at the blasting site [10].…”