Detection and repair of flash-eye in handheld devices

Abstract

Abstract--Red-eye and flash-eye defects in still photography continue to cause problems for digital imaging devices. New variants of flash-eye defects have appeared as cameras and cameras sub-systems get smaller in size. This paper reviews a range of the more recent techniques that have been applied to solve various problems associated with red and non-red flash-eye, particularly solutions which are implemented in cameras or mobile imaging devices. Four principle categories of flash-eye defect are identified and techniques are outlined to deal with each of these. The use of face, eye and scene metadata obtained within the camera is also considered. Some advanced techniques to improve the correction and reconstruction of eye regions are also considered.

Iris liveness detection for next generation smartphones

“…The pixel intensity in pupil region will be able to detect the Purkinje image (The virtual image formed by the light reflected from the four optical surfaces of the human eye is called as Purkinje images. Purkinje images are used for various applications including iris liveness detection and eye tracking [30], [31]) or red-eye like effects [32].…”