Detection and risk assessments of multi-pesticides in 1771 cultivated herbal medicines by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS

Luo, Lu; Dong, Lixin; Qin, Huang; Ma, Shuang‐Cheng; Fantke, Peter; Li, Jianhui; Jiang, Jingwen; Fitzgerald, Martin; Yang, Jiezhi; Jia, Zhengwei; Zhang, Jiqing; Wang, Haifeng; Dai, Yuntao; Zhu, Guangwei; Xing, Zhihan; Liang, Yichuan; Li, Mengzhi; Wei, Guangfei; Song, Jingyuan; Wei, Jianhe; Peng, Cheng; Zhang, Han; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Shumei; Mizuno, Kaito; Marco, Alarcon Arauco Gian; Wu, Lan; Xu, Jiang Ping; Xiong, Chao; Chen, Shilin

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127477

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The daily consumption ranges of these 10 herbs were 5-25 g. Thus, 0.015 kg/d (median value) and 0.025 kg/d (max value) were used as the average and maximum consumption levels, respectively. In risk assessment of pesticides in CHMs, consumers are considered to take CHMs during the lifetime in the calculation of chronic exposure assessment (Luo et al, 2021;. It is more conservative because it is not taking the frequency of CHM consumption into consideration.…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous risk assessment analyses have mainly been focusing on vegetables and fruits. Recently, researchers have paid more attention to systematic evaluation and risk analysis of several pesticides in Chinese herbs (Luo et al, 2021;. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) methods have been applied to evaluate the potential health risk of CHMs in recent research (Wu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Levels and Health Risk of Pesticide Residues in Chinese Herbal Medicines

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study, 168 pesticides in 1,017 samples of 10 Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) were simultaneously determined by high-performance liquid (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas (GC-MS/MS) chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 89.2% of the samples encompassed one or multiple pesticide residues, and the residue concentrations in 60.5% of samples were less than 0.02 mg kg−1, revealing the relatively low residue levels. The hazard quotient and hazard index methods were used to estimate the health risk for consumers. For a more accurate risk assessment, the exposure frequency and exposure duration of CHMs were involved into the exposure assessment, which was obtained from a questionnaire data of 20,917 volunteers. The results of chronic, acute, and cumulative risk assessment indicated that consumption of CHMs is unlikely to pose a health risk to consumers. Ranking the risk of detected pesticides revealed that phorate, BHC, triazophos, methidathion, terbufos, and omethoate posed the highest risk. Our results also showed that pollution of the aboveground medicinal part was more serious. Although exposure to pesticides in tested CHMs was below dangerous levels, more strict controlled management should be carried out for banned pesticides due to the high detection rate and illegal use in the actual planting practice.

show abstract

Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Health Risk of Pesticide Residues in Chinese Herbal Medicines

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…IR is the intake rate (kg of HM/day) calculated for children or adults according to the practitioner recommendations for the studied HM formulations (Table 1). EF is the exposure frequency; a figure of 90 days/year was used as recommended earlier [8,[42][43][44][45]. ED is the exposure duration; 70 years was taken as the current average human lifespan.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global HM market was estimated to be around USD 83 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach USD 550 billion by 2030 [7]. Despite the ancestral use of HMs in traditional medicine, the evidence is a still insufficient regarding their safety aspects, particularly with regard to their contamination with mycotoxins, pesticide residues, toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and alternate plant species [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins through Intake of Eastern Herbal Medicines Collected from Four Districts of Southern Punjab—Pakistan

Javed

Naeem

Benkerroum

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eastern herbal medicines (HMs) are plant-derived naturally occurring substances with minimum or no industrial processing that have long been used in traditional medicine. Aflatoxins are frequent contaminants of plants. Therefore, these mycotoxins are likely to contaminate HMs and pose a health risk to individuals using them on a regular basis as preventive or curative treatments of various diseases. The present study aimed to determine aflatoxin levels in the most popular Pakistani HM formulations and to assess the health risk associated with the intake of aflatoxins. A total of 400 samples of HM formulations collected from four districts of Punjab were analyzed for the quantification of aflatoxins, out of which 52.5% were found to be contaminated. The average daily dose (ADD) of AFB1 and AFs through the intake of HM formulations ranged between 0.00483 and 0.118 ng/kg bw/day and between 0.00579 and 1.714 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. The margin of exposure (MOE) and population cancer risk ranged from 99.49 to 29378.8 and from 0.00011 to 0.0325 liver cancer cases/105 individuals/year (0.0075–2.455 liver cancer cases/105 individuals/75 years), respectively. Despite the low exposure to aflatoxins from HM formulations in the four studied Punjab (Pakistan) districts, the frequent contamination of the analyzed samples suggests that official measures should be considered to manage the associated risk.

show abstract

“…The abuse of pesticides oen occurs when unregistered pesticides are used by growers, and the abuse of these pesticides in China has led to large amounts of multiple pesticide residues in Fritillaria, which have been conrmed by previous reports. 3,4 Considering that pesticide residues in herbal medicines may pose potential health risks to consumers, some countries and organizations have established maximum residue limit (MRL) regulations for these medicinal plants. While China has issued MRLs of 21 pesticides in several herbs such as ginseng, 5 the European Union (EU) has set more than 400 MRLs for herbal infusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%