Detection of 3-methylmethcathinone and its metabolites 3-methylephedrine and 3-methylnorephedrine in pubic hair samples by liquid chromatography–high resolution/high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Frison, Giampietro; Frasson, Samuela; Zancanaro, Flavio; Tedeschi, Gianpaola; Zamengo, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.039

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Pubic hair drug testing for the detection of 3-MMC and its metabolites, by means of liquid chromatography–high resolution/ high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), was used to document their potential intake by a drug dealer [ 7 ]. Pubic hair samples were decontaminated, pulverized using a ball mill, extracted in the presence of IS by overnight incubation with methanol:trifluoroacetic acid 9:1 and analysed.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For the Deter-mination Of Nps In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair analysis appears to be one of the most efficient tools to investigate drug-related history [ 7 ], due to the greater window of detection compared to that of blood and urine. Hair has been recently characterized as a peculiar tissue which “keeps memory” of the past history of drug intake of the subject [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we present the trends of the rapidly evolving analytical methods for the determination of NPS in hair. This review includes methods for hair testing of NPS using chromatographic assays up to March 2016; some describing simultaneous detection of a number of NPS from different chemical classes [ 24 - 29 ] in hair and others focusing on the determination of just one class [ 7 , 19 , 30 - 40 ]. Moreover, the usefulness of these methods when applied to real cases has also been discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Trends in Analytical Methods to Determine New Psychoactive Substances in Hair

Kyriakou

Pellegrini

Garcı́a-Algar

et al. 2017

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New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) belong to several chemical classes, including phenethylamines, piperazines, synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids. Development and validation of analytical methods for the determination of NPS both in traditional and alternative matrices is of crucial importance to study drug metabolism and to associate consumption to clinical outcomes and eventual intoxication symptoms. Among different biological matrices, hair is the one with the widest time window to investigate drug-related history and demonstrate past intake.The aim of this paper was to overview the trends of the rapidly evolving analytical methods for the determination of NPS in hair and the usefulness of these methods when applied to real cases.A number of rapid and sensitive methods for the determination of NPS in hair matrix has been recently published, most of them using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Hair digestion and subsequent solid phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction were described as well as extraction in organic solvents. For most of the methods limits of quantification at picogram per milligram hair were obtained. The measured concentrations for most of the NPS in real samples were in the range of picograms of drug per milligram of hair. Interpretation of the results and lack of cut-off values for the discrimination between chronic consumption and occasional use or external contamination are still challenging.Methods for the determination of NPS in hair are continually emerging to include as many NPS as possible due to the great demand for their detection.

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Section: Analytical Methods For the Deter-mination Of Nps In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Trends in Analytical Methods to Determine New Psychoactive Substances in Hair

Kyriakou

Pellegrini

Garcı́a-Algar

et al. 2017

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“…The analysis of hair has been investigated in a limited number of studies with sample preparation procedures including MAE [32] and solvent extraction following ball mill pulverization [44]. Montesano et al [45] …”

Section: Biological Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Pasin et al [31] analyzed 37 NPS (mostly cathinones) in post-mortem blood using a first function collision energy of 6 eV and a second function collision energy ramp of 10-40 eV to produce fragment-rich product ion spectra. The major advantage of DIA techniques is that it offers full retrospective data interrogation capabilities with the acquisition of full scan data for both MS and MS/MS [44].…”

Section: Direct Sample Analysis Techniques Coupled To Hrmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of new psychoactive substances: a critical review

Pasin

Cawley

Bidny³

et al. 2017

Anal Bioanal Chem

117

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The proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in recent years has resulted in the development of numerous analytical methods for the detection and identification of known and unknown NPS derivatives. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been identified as the method of choice for broad screening of NPS in a wide range of analytical contexts due to its ability to measure accurate masses using data-independent acquisition (DIA) techniques. Additionally, it has shown promise for non-targeted screening strategies that have been developed in order to detect and identify novel analogues without the need for certified reference materials (CRMs) or comprehensive mass spectral libraries. This paper reviews the applications of HRMS for the analysis of NPS in forensic drug chemistry, clinical and forensic toxicology. It provides an overview of the sample preparation procedures in addition to data acquisition, instrumental analysis and data processing techniques.Furthermore, it will give an overview of the current state of non-targeted screening strategies with discussion on future directions and perspectives of this technique.3

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Prevalence and concentrations of new designer stimulants, synthetic opioids, benzodiazepines, and hallucinogens in postmortem hair samples: A 13‐year retrospective study

Niebel

Westendorf

Krumbiegel

et al. 2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Hair samples are frequently analyzed in order to characterize consumption patterns of drugs. However, the interpretation of new psychoactive substance (NPS) findings in hair remains difficult because of lacking data for comparison. In this study, selected postmortem hair samples (n = 1203) from 2008 to 2020 were reanalyzed for synthetic cathinones, piperazines, phenethylamines, hallucinogens, benzodiazepines and opioids to evaluate prevalence data and concentration ranges. Hair samples were extracted using a two‐step extraction procedure and analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. Overall NPSs were detected in 381 cases (31.6%). Many cases were tested positive for more than one NPS in the same time span. A variety of NPS with a large range of concentrations was observed. For better comparability and interpretation of positive cases in routine work, quantitation data for 13 NPS were calculated as percentiles. The most frequently detected NPS in this study were N‐ethylamphetamine, α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone, mephedrone, benzedrone, metamfepramone, and 4‐fluoroamphetamine. In conclusion, a high prevalence of these drugs was observed from postmortem hair samples. The results show a growing use of many different NPSs by mainly young drug‐using adults. Consequently, NPS screening procedures should be included in forensic toxicology. Our quantitative data may support other toxicologists in their assessment of NPS hair concentrations.

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Detection of 3-methylmethcathinone and its metabolites 3-methylephedrine and 3-methylnorephedrine in pubic hair samples by liquid chromatography–high resolution/high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Recent Trends in Analytical Methods to Determine New Psychoactive Substances in Hair

Recent Trends in Analytical Methods to Determine New Psychoactive Substances in Hair

Current applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of new psychoactive substances: a critical review

Prevalence and concentrations of new designer stimulants, synthetic opioids, benzodiazepines, and hallucinogens in postmortem hair samples: A 13‐year retrospective study

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