Detection of a Rapidly Metabolizing Portion of the Membrane Cardiolipin in
            <i>Haemophilus parainfluenzae</i>

Tucker, Anne N.; White, David C.

doi:10.1128/jb.108.3.1058-1064.1971

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Effects of inhibitors on growth and CL metabolism. The study of CL metabolism in exponentially growing cells has proved very difficult because of the large PG pools (19). Consequently, CL metabolism was examined in the presence of various inhibitors (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tetramethyldipicrylamine (TMPA) was supplied from Naval Dental Research Institute. Rutamycin was gift from the Lilly Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Inc. Other reagents were as described previously (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…if a portion of the minor phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), has a very rapid metabolism (19). A CL-specific phospholipase D in H. parainfluenzae hydrolyzes CL to equimolar amounts of phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) and is present in the cells at an activity 100 times greater than the activities of phospholipases a2 and c in the organism (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CL-specific phospholipase D of H. parainfluenzae requires Mg2+ (Km about 1.3 mM) and is inhibited in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (14). Addition of EDTA to growing cells results in accumulation of CL with a loss of PG (14,19), suggesting that this enzyme is involved in CL hydrolysis in vivo.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Consequences of the Inhibition of Cardiolipin Metabolism in Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Ono

White

1971

J Bacteriol

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Examination of phospholipid metabolism in Haemophilus parainfluenzae with inhibitors of various cellular functions-indicated that macromolecular synthesis and lipid metabolism can be dissociated at least for a short time. Two classes of inhibitors have relatively specific effects on cardiolipin (CL) metabolism. Pentachlorophenol and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate blocked CL synthesis but allowed CL hydrolysis to phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG); 3,3',4,5'-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (m-CCCP) blocked CL hydrolysis with the stoichiometric accumulation of CL. It appeared as if TCS and m-CCCP inhibited a vital activity coupled with the hydrolysis of CL by the highly active, CL-specific phospholipase D found in this organism. Because TCS and m-CCCP are thought to act by destroying the proton gradient thereby interrupting energy-dependent transport, it is possible that a highly active portion of the cellular CL could be coupled to some phase of this process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Consequences of the Inhibition of Cardiolipin Metabolism in Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Ono

White

1971

J Bacteriol

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“…In the bacterial membranes, CL is usually a relatively minor component, but under conditions of stress, i.e., colicin treatment (3), incubation under unfavorable growth conditions (18,20), inhibition of cell division (25), or in auxotrophs deprived of essential lipid components (9,12), CL can accumulate from 2 to 25% of the lipid in many bacteria. The finding of a CL-specific phospholipase D in the membrane of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (15) led to the detection of a highly reactive pool of CL which is made and hydrolyzed in minutes (27). Using isolated CL-specific phospholipase D, the metabolism of the CL molecule was shown to be complex during exponential growth.…”

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Biosynthesis of Cardiolipin from Phosphatidylglycerol in Staphylococcus aureus

Short

White

1972

J Bacteriol

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Cardiolipin (CL) synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus catalyzes the complete conversion of two molecules of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to one molecule of CL and one molecule of glycerol. The fatty acids and phosphates of the two PG molecules can be quantitatively recovered in the CL. The enzyme is membrane-bound, shows a linear relationship with the product formed between 10 and 125 ug of membrane protein, has a pH optimum at 4.4, a temperature optimum between 37 and 45 C, a Km for PG of 2.1 x 10-4 M, a Vmax of 200 nmoles of CL per min per mg of membrane protein, and does not require monovalent or divalent metals for activity. The enzyme has no nucleotide requirement and is not affected by prolonged dialysis, and treatment of the enzyme with charcoal has no effect on its activity. The enzyme has no phosphomonoesterase or phosphodiesterase activity, does not act on CL, is specific for PG, and CL and glycerol are the sole products of its activity. Other lipids do not stimulate or inhibit its activity. The enzyme is inhibited by organic solvents and some detergents. There is sufficient CL synthetase activity to account for CL synthesis during exponential growth. Inhibition of CL hydrolysis during growth results in an increase in CL that is balanced by a loss of PG. The activity of CL synthetase is not affected by cytidine diphosphate diglyceride but is inhibited competitively by the product, CL.on July 16, 2020 by guest

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Turnover of lipids in Mycobacterium smegmatis CDC 46 and Mycobacterium phlei ATCC 354

1978

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The rates of breakdown and renewal of individual lipids in cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis CDC 46 and Mycobacterium phlei ATCC 354 were investigated by means of a pulse labelling technique using palmitate-1-14C. The results indicated that in growing cultures of both strains phospholipids were broken down, and cardiolipin had a very rapid turnover. In chase experiments, almost 45% and 40% of the radioactivity of this component were lost respectively from M. smegmatis and M phlei during one generation time of the cell. The other two major components, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol mannosides showed relatively low turnover. The loss of radioactivity from phosphatidylinositol mannosides was greater in M. phlei than in M. smegmatis but the loss of radioactivity from phosphatidyl ethanolamine was higher in M. smegmatis. The pattern of loss of radioactivity from lipids was almost the same in both strains, the difference being only in the extent of loss. The differences in the cellular localization of the phospholipids indicate their different roles within the cell. Results obtained with the glyceride fraction indicated a very rapid turnover of triglycerides in both strains.

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Detection of a Rapidly Metabolizing Portion of the Membrane Cardiolipin in Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Consequences of the Inhibition of Cardiolipin Metabolism in Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Consequences of the Inhibition of Cardiolipin Metabolism in Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Biosynthesis of Cardiolipin from Phosphatidylglycerol in Staphylococcus aureus

Turnover of lipids in Mycobacterium smegmatis CDC 46 and Mycobacterium phlei ATCC 354

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