Detection of Adulteration in Apple Juice by L-Malic/Total Malic Acid Ratio: Collaborative Study

Elkins, Edgar R; Heuser, John R

doi:10.1093/jaoac/77.2.411

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The analysis of anions is essential in many areas of scientific and technical interest. Most commonly it is utilized in the analysis of environmental samples, − especially water, human tissues, and a variety of other fluids. − In fact, the entire application area is diverse and includes the characterization of apple juice, marsala wines, and various foods and beverages from around the world …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most commonly it is utilized in the analysis of environmental samples, 1-15 especially water, human tissues, and a variety of other fluids. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In fact, the entire application area is diverse and includes the characterization of apple juice, 23 marsala wines, 24 and various foods and beverages from around the world. 25 Separation methods are often applied in anion analysis, especially when complex matrixes are present.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A General, Positive Ion Mode ESI-MS Approach for the Analysis of Singly Charged Inorganic and Organic Anions Using a Dicationic Reagent

et al. 2007

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Anion analysis continues to be of great importance to many scientific and technical fields. We propose here a general and sensitive method of detecting singly charged anions by ESI-MS and LC-ESI-MS as positive ions. This method utilizes a dicationic reagent to form a complex with the anion that retains an overall positive charge for analysis by MS. Nitrate, thiocyanate, perchlorate, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), halogenated acetic acids, and various other inorganic and organic anions and are investigated. The use of tandem mass spectrometry to enhance the detection limits of some of the anions is demonstrated. Chaotropic anions provided the lowest detection limits, with PFOA detected at the hundreds of femtograms level. Indeed, this single approach provides the lowest reported detection limits for a variety of anions, especially PFOA, nitrate, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and bromochloroacetic acid, among others. The integrated areas and signal-to-noise ratios for five ions during a chromatographic run in both the positive and negative ion modes are compared. The ability of this method to detect differences in related ions is shown for four arsenic species. Finally, a tap water sample is analyzed for the anions in this study using the dicationic reagent method.

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A General, Positive Ion Mode ESI-MS Approach for the Analysis of Singly Charged Inorganic and Organic Anions Using a Dicationic Reagent

et al. 2007

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“…Anion analysis is of great importance to environmental researchers, biochemists, food and drug researchers, and the pharmaceutical industry, all of which are continually in need of facile, sensitive analytical techniques that can be used to both detect and quantitate trace anions. − Often, the anions of interest exist in complex matrixes such as blood, water, and urine. ,,,,− For this reason, separation techniques are routinely coupled with anion detection. Currently, some of these techniques utilize flow injection analysis or ion chromatography, − with detection frequently obtained through the use of ion selective electrodes, conductivity, or spectroscopic techniques. − Yet, these detection methodologies lack either universality or specificity…”

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Evaluation of Flexible Linear Tricationic Salts as Gas-Phase Ion-Pairing Reagents for the Detection of Divalent Anions in Positive Mode ESI-MS

et al. 2008

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Anion analysis is of great importance to many scientific areas of interest. Problems with negative mode ESI-MS prevent researchers from achieving sensitive detection for anions. Recently, we have shown that cationic reagents can be paired with anions, such that detection can be done in the positive mode, allowing for low limits of detections for anions using ESI-MS. In this analysis, we present the use of 16 newly synthesized flexible linear tricationic ion-paring reagents for the detection of 11 divalent anions. These reagents greatly differ in structure from previously reported trigonal tricationic ion-pairing agents, such that they are far more flexible. Here we present the structural features of these linear trications that make for good ion-pairing agents as well as show the advantage of using these more flexible ion-pairing reagents. In fact, the limit of detection for sulfate using the best linear trication was found to be 25 times lower than when the best rigid trication was used. Also, MS/MS experiments were performed on the trication-dianion complex to significantly reduce the detection limit for many dianions. Limits of detection in this analysis were as low as 50 fg.

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“…The current way of assessing apple juice adulteration is to measure total malic acid by HPLC and L-malic acid using enzyme-based test kits. 26 The L-malic acid biosensor could have applications in place of the test kit where a limited number of simple, rapid measurements are preferred.…”

Section: Testing Real Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Malic acid biosensor for field-based evaluation of apple, potato and tomato horticultural produce

Arif

Setford

Burton³

et al. 2001

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A screen-printed three-electrode amperometric biosensor incorporating malic enzyme for the measurement of L-malic acid in apple, potato and tomato horticultural samples has been developed. The working electrode contained 0.38 mU of immobilised enzyme and was fabricated using rhodinised carbon to facilitate NADPH oxidation at an operating potential of +300 mV vs. Ag/AgCl compared with > +600 mV for bare carbon. The linear range of the sensor was 0.028-0.7 mM L-malic acid with relative standard deviations of 3.3-13.3%. When testing with real apple, potato and tomato samples, the sensor accuracy was within 13.7% of a standard commercially available photometric test kit. The sensor approach is cheap, simple to perform and rapid (6 min), requiring only buffer-electrolyte and a small sample volume.

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Detection of Adulteration in Apple Juice by L-Malic/Total Malic Acid Ratio: Collaborative Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

A General, Positive Ion Mode ESI-MS Approach for the Analysis of Singly Charged Inorganic and Organic Anions Using a Dicationic Reagent

A General, Positive Ion Mode ESI-MS Approach for the Analysis of Singly Charged Inorganic and Organic Anions Using a Dicationic Reagent

Evaluation of Flexible Linear Tricationic Salts as Gas-Phase Ion-Pairing Reagents for the Detection of Divalent Anions in Positive Mode ESI-MS

L-Malic acid biosensor for field-based evaluation of apple, potato and tomato horticultural produce

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