Detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Unclassified Human Papillomaviruses in Cervical Cancer Samples From Mexican Women

Flores-Miramontes, María Guadalupe; Olszewski, Dominik; Artaza‐Irigaray, Cristina; Willemsen, Anouk; Bravo, Ignacio G.; Vallejo-Ruíz, Verónica; Leal-Herrera, Yelda Aurora; Piña‐Sánchez, Patricia; Molina-Pineda, Andrea; Cantón-Romero, Juan Carlos; Martínez-Silva, María Guadalupe; Jave‐Suárez, Luis Felipe; Aguilar‐Lemarroy, Adriana

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00234

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to continue analysing the geographical distribution of HPV genotypes in Mexico and worldwide to design effective HPV screening systems and develop new HPV vaccines. This is increasingly important as new technologies are rapidly detecting new HPV genotypes that cannot be detected by commercial detection tests [67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the evidence observed in women with normal cytology, precursor lesions and CC, the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) has classified genotypes 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52, 56, 58 and 59 as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). HPV68, on the other hand, has been classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A), and genotypes 26,53,66,67,70,73,82,30,34,69,85 and 97 are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) [8,9]. HPV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High frequency of HPV genotypes 59, 66, 52, 51, 39 and 56 in women from Western Mexico

et al. 2020

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Background Human papillomavirus infection is an important factor associated with cervical cancer (CC) development. The prevalence and genotype distribution vary greatly worldwide. Examining local epidemiological data constitutes an important step towards the development of vaccines to prevent CC. In this work, we studied the prevalence of HPV genotypes in women from Western Mexico with the COBAS 4800 and/or Linear Array Genotyping Test (LA). Methods The samples analysed in this study represent a population from Western Mexico, which includes six different states. Our approach was first to test for HPV in cervical samples from women who attended their health clinic for routine gynaecological studies (open-population, n = 3000) by utilizing COBAS 4800. Afterwards, 300 of the HPV-positive samples were randomly selected to be genotyped with LA; finally, we genotyped samples from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN 1, n = 71) and CC (n = 96) with LA. Sociodemographic data of the diverse groups were also compared. Results The overall HPV prevalence among the open-population of women as determined by COBAS 4800 was 12.1% (n = 364/3000). Among the HPV-positive samples, single infections (SI) with HPV16 were detected in 12.4% (n = 45/364), SI with HPV18 were detected in 1.4%, and infection with at least one of the genotypes included in the high-risk HPV pool was detected in 74.5% of the cases. LA analysis of the samples showed that in addition to HPV genotypes 16 and 18, there was a high prevalence of HPV genotypes 59, 66, 52, 51, 39 and 56 in women from Western Mexico. With respect to the sociodemographic data, we found statistically significant differences in the number of pregnancies, the use of hormonal contraceptives and tobacco intake. Conclusions Our data indicate that there is a high prevalence of HPV genotypes which are not covered by the vaccines currently available in Mexico; therefore, it is necessary to include HPVs 59, 66, 51, 39 and 56 in the design of future vaccines to reduce the risk of CC development. It is also essential to emphasize that the use of hormonal contraceptives and tobacco smoking are risk factors for CC development in addition to the presence of HPV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of HPV genotypes 59, 66, 52, 51, 39 and 56 in women from Western Mexico

et al. 2020

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“…NGS involves library preparation, product purification, quantitation and normalization steps, followed by sequencing. In most of the studies on Alpha, Beta, and Gamma HPVs, NGS uses primers that are already employed in traditional PCR assays, such as the above-mentioned PGMY and FAP [59,60]. A new recent method, named TypeSeq, is able to detect 51 Alpha-HPV types [61].…”

Section: Known and Novel Hpvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus Oral Infection: Review of Methodological Aspects and Epidemiology

et al. 2021

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Oral infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has recently gained great attention because of its involvement in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of specific Alpha-HPVs in this regard has been well established, whereas the contribution of other genera is under investigation. Despite their traditional classification as “cutaneous” types, Beta and Gamma HPVs are frequently detected in oral samples. Due to the lack of a standardized protocol, a large variety of methodologies have been used for oral sample collection, DNA extraction, HPV detection and genotyping. Laboratory procedures influence the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, which largely varies also according to the population characteristics, e.g., age, gender, sexual behavior, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Nevertheless, oral infection by Beta and Gamma HPVs seems to be even more common than Alpha-HPVs. The latter is 5–7% in the general population, and increases up to 30% approximately in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Despite major advances in the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, its natural history is still little understood, especially for Beta and Gamma HPVs. The latest technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), can be exploited to gain new insights into oral HPV, and to improve the identification of novel HPV types.

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“…However, it is important to note that the majority of HPV genotypes are not highly carcinogenic [ 6 ]. In fact, there are currently 226 HPV genotypes and new HPVs that are continuously being discovered [ 7 ]. These HPV genotypes are classified in accordance with carcinogenicity as denoted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies of Primary HPV Testing Currently Applied for Cervical Cancer Screening

Chrysostomou

Kostrikis

2020

Life

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The human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses, and an infection from this virus may become persistent, leading to diseases such as cervical cancer. In the past, cytology-based methods such as the Papanicolaou (Pap) test were imperative to identify the disease at a stage where it can be treated. However, since the 1980s where the etiological association of HPV and cervical cancer was identified, new tests began emerging directed towards identifying the virus. Furthermore, as the biology of HPV along with the relationships with its host are elucidated, these tests and treatments further advance. Recently in Europe, there is a movement towards the implementation of HPV testing methodologies in national screening programs to precede cytological testing. These screening strategies are recommended by the European guidelines and the World Health Organization. This review presents the current HPV testing methodologies, their application in organized population-based cervical cancer screening programs based on the most recent European guidelines, and their implementation status in countries in Europe.

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Detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Unclassified Human Papillomaviruses in Cervical Cancer Samples From Mexican Women

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

High frequency of HPV genotypes 59, 66, 52, 51, 39 and 56 in women from Western Mexico

High frequency of HPV genotypes 59, 66, 52, 51, 39 and 56 in women from Western Mexico

Human Papillomavirus Oral Infection: Review of Methodological Aspects and Epidemiology

Methodologies of Primary HPV Testing Currently Applied for Cervical Cancer Screening

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