Detection of Anti-Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Antibody in Whole Blood by a Novel Counting Immunoassay

Yamaguchi, Kazunari; Yonemura, Yuji; Okabe, Hiroaki; Takahama, Yoichi; Nagai, Shinya; Yamaguchi, Haruki; Hirai, Kojiro

doi:10.1373/49.2.275

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Because of its tight association with HTLV-1, most studies on leukemogenesis of ATL have focused on the function of HTLV-1. However, ATL develops only in a small proportion of HTLV-1-infected people (1 in 1,000) after a long latent period of 40-60 years (Tajima 1990;Yamaguchi et al 2003). ATL cells are clonal with respect to viral integration, but approximately 30% of ATL cases exhibit deletions of the viral structural genes (Korber et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TCR variable gene involvement in chromosome inversion between 14q11 and 14q24 in adult T-cell leukemia

et al. 2006

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Chromosomal translocations in T-cell malignancies frequently involve the T-cell receptor (TCR)a/d locus at chromosome 14q11. Although 14q11 abnormalities are found in about 10% of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cases, until now there has been no direct evidence showing involvement of the TCR locus in ATL-a malignancy closely associated with HTLV-1 infection. The breakpoints of T-cell malignancies most commonly occur within the Ja or Jd region of the TCR locus. In ATL, however, despite extensive searching no breakpoint has yet been found in that region. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with a panel of cosmid and bacterial artificial chromosome probes derived from chromosome 14, including the variable region of the TCRa locus, comprehensive analysis of an ATL patient carrying inv(14)(q11q32) revealed that the TCR locus was indeed involved in this inversion. Molecular cloning of the breakpoint revealed the juxtaposition of TCR Va to the 14q24 region as a result of two consecutive inversions: inv(14)(q11q32) and inv(14)(q11q24). We also found a gene near the breakpoint at the 14q24 region that is downregulated in this ATL patient and is assigned in the database as a pseudogene of ADAM21 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 21). Our expression analysis, however, showed that this pseudogene was actually expressed and was capable of encoding a protein similar to ADAM21; thus we have named this gene ADAM21-like (ADAM21-L).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TCR variable gene involvement in chromosome inversion between 14q11 and 14q24 in adult T-cell leukemia

et al. 2006

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“…The cumulative incidence of ATL among HTLV-1 carriers in Japan is estimated to be 2.5% (3-5% in males, 1-2% in females). 7) The three major routes of transmission for HTLV-1 are blood transfusion, sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission. Mother-to-child transmission is a vertical transmission and occurs via breast milk.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This method is based on the agglutination reaction between particles coated with HTLV-1 antigens and antibodies in the test sample. 7) To confirm the detection of HTLV-1 antibodies in pregnant women, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with disrupted whole viruses, synthetic peptides, or recombinant proteins; indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assays; and Western blot assays such as line immunoassays (LIAs) have been considered. 8,9) Recently, a high-throughput nucleic acid testing system was developed to detect proviral HTLV-1 DNA using an automatic nucleic acid extractor and real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the pX region of the HTLV-1 genome.…”

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confidence: 99%

Screening for Antibodies to Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I in Japanese Breast Milk

Matsubara

Haraguchi

Harada³

2012

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Japanese breast milk samples were tested for antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) by particle agglutination (PA) and a line immunoassay (LIA). In the PA method, the agglutination reaction between the HTLV-1 antibody and sensitized particles occurred at a 1 : 128 dilution of some breast milk samples. The average antibody titer was one order of magnitude lower than that in the serum positive control. A total of 243 human breast milk specimens were assayed by PA, of which 21 samples from Okinawa, Hyogo, Miyagi and Hokkaido were positive or deferred. The results of the 21 positive samples were subsequently assayed by LIA (INNO-LIA TM HTLV I/II) for confirmation; and one sample was positive, and two were indeterminate. We attempted to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HTLV-1 provirus DNA, but we did not detect PCR products for the pX1 region of the HTLV-1 genome in the LIA-positive samples. These negative PCR results are most likely due to the lower sensitivity of the PCR for amplification from milk than from HTLV-1-positive monocytes. In conclusion, the PA method to breast milk samples appears to be a suitable tool to screen for antibodies to HTLV-1 in the breast milk of carrier mothers in cases in which it would be difficult to use serum for the test. Although LIA may be able to confirm HTLV-1 infection, the presence of HTLV-1 provirus should be confirmed in the breast milk.Key words human T-cell leukemia virus type I; breast milk; particle agglutination; polymerase chain reaction; Western blotting Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a malignant tumor of CD4-positive T cells that is caused by infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1). When the RNA genome of HTLV-1, a retrovirus, enters target cells, the corresponding DNA is integrated into the host genome as a provirus by reverse transcription.1-3) In ATL-endemic areas, the percentage of HTLV-1 carriers is high. Both HTLV-1 and ATL have been shown to be endemic in southwest Japan, the Caribbean islands, South Americas, and parts of Central Africa.4-6) Antibodies against HTLV-1 have been found in over one million individuals, and more than 700 cases of ATL have been diagnosed each year in Japan alone. The cumulative incidence of ATL among HTLV-1 carriers in Japan is estimated to be 2.5% (3-5% in males, 1-2% in females).7) The three major routes of transmission for HTLV-1 are blood transfusion, sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission. Mother-to-child transmission is a vertical transmission and occurs via breast milk. 4)Vertical transmission occurs via infection of the lymphocytes in breast milk.5,6) Individuals who are positive for anti-HTLV-1 antibodies are carriers of HTLV-1. The breast milk of carrier mothers (HTLV-1 sero-positive mothers) must not be fed to infants to prevent transmission. The presence of HTLV-1 infection can be determined by testing for HTLV-1 antibodies in serum samples. As a screening test for serum antibodies, particle agglutination (PA) has typically been performed. This method is based on...

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“…The counting immunoassay (CIA) is an application of particle counting technology to serological tests (6). Latex particles are agglutinated by antibodies or antigens of interest and are quantified by scattered laser light while passing through a controlled sheath flow, which is also used in flow cytometry.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A similar method is the particle counting immunoassay, in which nonagglutinated particles are counted with the aid of instrumentation (1,4,5). Reported applications of these methods, most of which use serum samples, include the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens or antibodies (1), anti-adult T-cell leukemia antibodies (6), antitoxoplasma antibodies (2), urinary cotinine (3), hormones (4), and serum acute-phase proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

Whole-Blood Counting Immunoassay as a Short-Turnaround Test for Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies, and Anti-Treponema pallidumAntibodies

Kudo¹,

Kido²,

Nishiyama³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Whole-blood samples were used for a counting immunoassay (CIA) with the aim of developing a short-turnaround test. After optimization of the CIA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV), and anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies (anti-TP) were detected as efficiently as by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with serum samples. The correlations between whole-blood CIA and serum EIA were 99.8, 97.1, and 99.4% for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-TP, respectively. Whole-blood CIA may be of value when rapid screening of many samples is required.The counting immunoassay (CIA) is an application of particle counting technology to serological tests (6). Latex particles are agglutinated by antibodies or antigens of interest and are quantified by scattered laser light while passing through a controlled sheath flow, which is also used in flow cytometry. A similar method is the particle counting immunoassay, in which nonagglutinated particles are counted with the aid of instrumentation (1,4,5). Reported applications of these methods, most of which use serum samples, include the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens or antibodies (1), anti-adult T-cell leukemia antibodies (6), antitoxoplasma antibodies (2), urinary cotinine (3), hormones (4), and serum acute-phase proteins.The advantages of CIA in comparison with traditional enzymatic methods include a reaction time as short as 15 min, high throughput, and small sample volumes. Taking these advantages into account, we evaluated whole-blood assays by using CIA to develop a short-turnaround test. In general, the preferred sample for a short-turnaround test is whole blood because the preparation of serum samples, including centrifugation time, inevitably takes 30 to 40 min after the blood has been drawn. Since currently available CIA reagents are designed for serum samples, we decided to optimize CIA reagents for whole blood.Whole-blood samples were tested for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis, with the reagents, detector, and internal software all optimized. The results were compared with those obtained by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with paired serum samples. MATERIALS AND METHODSPrinciples of detection by CIA. The principles of the CIA have been described elsewhere in detail (6). In brief, latex particles 0.75 m in diameter (standard deviation, 0.015 m) are coated with antigens or antibodies that interact with the substance of interest. Next, the particles are mixed with a whole-blood or serum sample in an automated detector. Fifteen minutes later, when the particles are agglutinated by an antigen-antibody reaction, they are sent to a flow cell mechanism for passage in a single line. Their sizes and frequencies are measured by scattered laser light while they pass through the flow cell, and the numbers of agglutinated multimeric and nonagglutinated monomeric particles are counted (Fig. 1). When a whole-blood sample is used, the number of agglutinated multimeric particles is automatically compensated for by the number of red blood cells (...

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Detection of Anti-Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Antibody in Whole Blood by a Novel Counting Immunoassay

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

TCR variable gene involvement in chromosome inversion between 14q11 and 14q24 in adult T-cell leukemia

TCR variable gene involvement in chromosome inversion between 14q11 and 14q24 in adult T-cell leukemia

Screening for Antibodies to Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I in Japanese Breast Milk

Whole-Blood Counting Immunoassay as a Short-Turnaround Test for Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies, and Anti-Treponema pallidumAntibodies

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