Detection of Anti-Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis Antibodies in Experimentally Infected and Free-Ranging Moose (Alces Alces)

Ogunremi, Oladele; Lankester, Murray W.; Dergousoff, Shaun J.; Gajadhar, Alvin A.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.4.796

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Immunologic tests for excretory-secretory products of third-stage P tenuis larvae have been developed and successfully used to monitor exposure of elk and moose under natural and experimental conditions. 13,14 The success of these tests offers promise for development of live animal diagnostic tools for other susceptible species to help monitor disease exposure in areas where P tenuis is endemic. Such exposure monitoring may be useful in better defining disease risk in susceptible species and may have an influence on white-tailed deer management decisions.…”

Section: Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in two captive American bison (Bison bison)

Weiss¹,

Sarver²,

Thilsted³

et al. 2008

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Section: Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in two captive American bison (Bison bison)

Weiss¹,

Sarver²,

Thilsted³

et al. 2008

javma

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“…Sucking stimulates the esophageal groove reflex directing liquids past the rumen and more quickly into the abomasum where larvae are thought to penetrate (Anderson, 1963). Although having to pass through the rumen may have reduced the success of L3, the penetration of at least some from the challenge infection was indicated by an increase in the anti-P. tenuis antibody titer in calf #6 (Ogunremi et al, 2002b); blood was not available from the second challenged animal (#7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum was separated, frozen within 1.5 hr at Ϫ18 C, and later tested for anti-P. tenuis antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Ogunremi et al, 2002a). The moose were observed daily for changes in gait and behavior and were euthanized 61 to 250 days postinoculation (DPI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose Meningeal Worm (Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis) Infections in Moose (Alces Alces)

Lankester

2002

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Parelaphostrongylosis has a rapid onset and is lethal in neonatal moose (Alces alces) when large numbers of third-stage Parelaphostrongylus tenuis larvae (L3) are given experimentally. Little is known, however, about the severity and prognosis of infections acquired naturally by accidentally ingesting terrestrial gastropods which are rarely infected and have few larvae. To investigate the relationship between infecting dose, age of moose, and severity of disease, five calves were given low doses of three to 10 L3 when five (nϭ2) or 9.5 mo old (nϭ3). Each of two animals initially given low doses were later challenged with a dose of 15 L3. As positive controls, two calves were given doses of 15 and 30 L3, considered to be high. All five calves given low doses showed abnormal locomotory signs at 20-28 days postinoculation (DPI) that progressively became more pronounced with hind quarter weakness and front lameness. However, after 77-130 DPI, signs diminished markedly in two of these animals and disappeared in another two. Challenge infections of 15 L3 given 199 days after initial infections had no noticeable effects although an immature worm, probably resulting from the challenge, was found in the spinal cord of one animal killed 51 days later. Two positive control animals given the high doses of 15 and 30 L3 showed moderate to severe, non-resolving, locomotory signs and had to be euthanized. Results demonstrate that single, low doses of three to10 P. tenuis L3 cause moderate disease in moose calves but over time, some worms die and animals can recover. A degree of protection may develop against future infection.

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“…Studies in llamas, as well as other susceptible species, were largely focused on evaluation of susceptibility to infection and description of clinical parameters of disease. Investigations of the immune response to infection in any species have emphasized development of serodiagnostic tools (14,27,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). The question of whether susceptible species develop resistance to infection has not been addressed experimentally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Heavy-Chain Antibody Responses and Resistance to Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in Experimentally Infected Alpacas

Purdy

Gagliardo

Lefman

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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The parasitic nematode Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is an important cause of neurologic disease of camelids in central and eastern North America. The aim of this study was to determine whether alpacas develop resistance to disease caused by P. tenuis in response to a previous infection or a combination of controlled infection and immunization. Alpacas were immunized with a homogenate of third-stage larvae (L3) and simultaneously implanted subcutaneously with diffusion chambers containing 20 live L3. Sham-treated animals received adjuvant alone and empty chambers. The protocol was not effective in inducing resistance to oral challenge with 10 L3, and disease developed between 60 and 71 days following infection. Immediately following the onset of neurologic disease, affected animals were treated with a regimen of anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory drugs, and all recovered. One year later, a subset of alpacas from this experiment was challenged with 20 L3 and the results showed that prior infection induced resistance to disease. Primary and secondary infections induced production of conventional and heavy-chain IgGs that reacted with soluble antigens in L3 homogenates but did not consistently recognize a recombinant form of a parasite-derived aspartyl protease inhibitor. Thus, the latter antigen may not be a good candidate for serology-based diagnostic tests. Antibody responses to parasite antigens occurred in the absence of overt disease, demonstrating that P. tenuis infection can be subclinical in a host that has been considered to be highly susceptible to disease. The potential for immunoprophylaxis to be effective in preventing disease caused by P. tenuis was supported by evidence of resistance to reinfection.

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Detection of Anti-Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis Antibodies in Experimentally Infected and Free-Ranging Moose (Alces Alces)

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Clinical Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in two captive American bison (Bison bison)

Clinical Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in two captive American bison (Bison bison)

Low-Dose Meningeal Worm (Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis) Infections in Moose (Alces Alces)

Analysis of Heavy-Chain Antibody Responses and Resistance to Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in Experimentally Infected Alpacas

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