Detection of Antibodies to Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Type I and Iii in Japanese Hemophiliacs

Koyanagi, Yoshio; Kobayashi, Susumu; Harada, Shinji; Kikukawa, Ronko; Yamamoto, Naoki; Watanabe, Kazuhiko; Okino, Fumiko; Kajii, Tadashi

doi:10.1089/aid.1.1983.1.353

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The seroprevalence of HIV antibody in our haemophilia A patients, 17±24% (Table 1), was substantially lower than the 60±90% rate reported in the mid-1980s in Europe and the United States [19,20] but close to that reported in Japan [21,22]. It is possible that the more factor concentrates imported from the USA a haemophilia patient received, the greater chance the patient would have of developing antibodies to HIV [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in Haemophiliacs in Taiwan: the importance of CD4 lymphocyte count in the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Ming-Ching

Lin

et al. 1998

Haemophilia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

From July 1984 to December 1996, we tested and studied 303 haemophilic patients for the infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among the 261 haemophilia A patients 44 were HIV positive (16.9%), while none of the haemophilia B patients was HIV positive. The mean age of the 44 HIV-seropositive patients in 1984 was 20.6 years (2-37 years). Seven who had known seroconversion dates and 29 whose first seropositive dates were known seroconverted before 1986. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has developed in 16 patients, nine of whom presented with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, three with tuberculosis infection, and 13 had died. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the progression rate to AIDS after the date of first seropositive test is about 30% at the 10th year. The median survival time after development of AIDS obtained from the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the survival curve was 11.7 months. Statistical analysis for the covariate effects on the risk of developing AIDS by the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that there was a statistically significant negative association of the risk for progression to AIDS with the logarithm of initial CD4 cell counts (P = 0.027) and the rate of decline of CD4 cell counts (P = 0.040), but not with age (P = 0.650). In conclusion, the clinical characteristics of AIDS haemophiliacs in Taiwan were not different from that observed in western countries. Low initial CD4 cell count and sharp decline in CD4 cell counts, but not age, increased the risk of progression to AIDS.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in Haemophiliacs in Taiwan: the importance of CD4 lymphocyte count in the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Ming-Ching

Lin

et al. 1998

Haemophilia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, the controversy persists regarding cross-reactivity between these two retroviruses. The southern part of Japan is an endemic area of HTLV-I (16), and also HTLV-IIIspecific antibodies are frequently found among Japanese patients with hemophilia (23). Hence we studied differences in responses of hemophiliacs, ATL and AIDS patients against these viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Differences between Human T‐lymphotropic Virus Type‐I (HTLV‐I) and HTLV‐III/LAV

Harada

Purtilo

Koyanagi

et al. 1986

Microbiology and Immunology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sera from each of five preselected groups of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS‐related complex (ARC), hemophilia, adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL), and healthy controls were examined for antibodies to human T‐cell leukemia (T‐lymphotropic) virus type‐I (HTLV‐I) and HTLV‐III by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) methods. All sera from five patients with AIDS, ARC, and hemophilia reacted at titers from 1: 512 to 1: 5,120 with fixed H9/HTLV‐III cells by IF but not with fixed MT‐1 cells carrying HTLV‐I. Similarly, sera from patients with AIDS, ARC, and hemophilia precipitated HTLV‐III‐specific polypeptides of 120K, 46K, and 24K. In contrast, sera from five patients with ATL did not react with fixed H9/HTLV‐III cells, but reacted with fixed MT‐1 cells. Moreover, HTLV‐I‐specific polypeptides of 68K, 28K, and 24K were precipitated with sera from ATL‐patients but not with anti‐HTLV‐III‐positive sera. Recently, we infected HTLV‐I‐carrying MT‐4 cells with HTLV‐III and provoked strong cytopathic effects. This system enabled testing for neutralizing antibodies to HTLV‐III. Neutralizing titers to HTLV‐III of five anti‐HTLV‐III‐positive sera ranged from 1:720 to 1:9,000. In contrast, all five seronegative controls showed no or only low reactivity to HTLV‐III envelope (1:80 and 100). However, three out of five anti‐HTLV‐I‐positive sera exhibited weak cross‐reactivities with HTLV‐III. The reactivities were expressed as <1:160, except for one case (1:720). They were considered to be nonspecific since they were negative for HTLV‐III antibodies in the radioimmunoprecipitation studies.

show abstract

“…One was Pt-plated Ti sheet prepared by conventional electroplating (hereafter referred to as "regular Pt/Ti"). The other was also a Pt-plated Ti sheet and had a large surface area ("modified Pt/Ti") (14). The average ~hickness of the Pt coating was 3 ~m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Test of Platinized Titanium Anodes for Hypochlorite Cells

Asaki

Kamegaya

Takayasu

1985

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The demand for chlorine for water and waste treatment is increasing because of the increase of water consumption, a large amount of waste water discharge, and governmental regulations. Transportation and handling of chlorine cylinders and containers are strictly controlled to avoid hazard. As a result, on-site electrolytic production of hypochlorite becomes important for disinfection of drinking water, oxidation of sewage, chlorination of cooling water in process plants, and other uses. There are now a number of publications and patents on hypochlorite cells and the electrodes to be used (1-13).A hypochlorite cell must be simple in operation with minimum maintenance for a year or more. The energy consumption is also an important factor.In an electric power station located by the sea, saline water containing some 3% NaC1 is fed to the hypochlorite cell and is chlorinated prior to being sent to the heat exchangers in the plant. Because of the low salt concentration, oxygen evolution occurs, and this reduces chlorine current efficiency. Also, sea water contains Mg and Ca ions, which deposit at the cathode, resulting in high cell voltage. Periodic acid cleaning removes the scale, but affects the electrodes, especially the anode coating, and in some cases the electrode activity is not restored.Pretreatment of sea water prior to electrolysis is preferable, but it is expensive and complicated. Therefore, durable anodes having such characteristics as low chlorine overvoltage and high oxygen overvoltage in sea water must be developed to improve the operating performance of hypochlorite cells. Experimental ProcedureTwo types of the platinized Ti anodes were used as controls. One was Pt-plated Ti sheet prepared by conventional electroplating (hereafter referred to as "regular Pt/Ti"). The other was also a Pt-plated Ti sheet and had a large surface area ("modified Pt/Ti") (14). The average ~hickness of the Pt coating was 3 ~m.The modified Pt/Ti sheet was painted with a solution containing a metal chloride, such as RuC13 or IrCl.~, depending on the oxide catalyst proposed, dried in air, and then fired at 500~ for few minutes to deposit the oxide on the Pt layer (MODE| In this work, the Ir oxideloaded material was used mostly.Full-scale experiments were conducted in an electric power plant located at Tokyo Bay. The flowsheet is illustrated in Fig. 1, Eight cells were operated in series and parallel connections; the sea water was fed to the top end of the cell series, electrolyzed, and mixed together at the outlet. The chlorinated sea water was sent to the heat exchangers in the plant. Each hypochlorite cell employed was equipped with five anodes and six cathodes (carbon steel plate) in parallel. There were no separators. The design capacity of the cell is as follows. The effective area of * Electrochemical Society Active Member. electrode was 80 cm wide and 45 cm high each. The anode-to-cathode gap was 5 mm. The current density was 15 A/din 2 at 5.4 kA total current load. The cell voltage was 5.5 z 0.5V. The solution flow rate...

show abstract

Detection of Antibodies to Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Type I and Iii in Japanese Hemophiliacs

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in Haemophiliacs in Taiwan: the importance of CD4 lymphocyte count in the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in Haemophiliacs in Taiwan: the importance of CD4 lymphocyte count in the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Serological Differences between Human T‐lymphotropic Virus Type‐I (HTLV‐I) and HTLV‐III/LAV

Field Test of Platinized Titanium Anodes for Hypochlorite Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About