Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among owned dogs in Cambodia

Nguyen, Thi Thuy; Kengradomkij, Chanya; Inpankaew, Tawin

doi:10.1016/j.fawpar.2020.e00103

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…(2) Samples from Zhoukou were collected in 2015, which is relatively earlier than in cities of Zhengzhou and Puyang. Regarding T. gondii infection in this study, gender and age were not risk factors for dogs, and the lack of relationship with gender was in agreement with the findings of other studies ( Lopes et al., 2011 ; Yang et al., 2013 ; Nguyen et al., 2020 ). However, a previous study found that seroprevalence in dogs increased with age ( Dubey et al., 2020 ), which may be related to the low seroprevalence of T. gondii in dogs or small sample size in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Low Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dogs From Central China

Zhu

Yang

Xin

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundToxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans and dogs. Humans can become infected with T. gondii by petting dogs that have eaten or contacted infected cat feces. The aim of this study was to evaluate T. gondii infections in dogs from central China. From 2015 to 2021, a total of 536 dog samples (195 fecal, 81 hearts, and 260 serum samples) from Henan Province were collected. Heart juice or serum samples (n = 341) were tested for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Fresh myocardium (n = 6) and blood (n = 2) samples were bioassayed in mice.ResultsThe present study showed that 4.40% (15/341) of the dogs were seropositive for T. gondii by MAT (cut-off, 1:25) and 4.10% (8/195) of dog feces contained T. gondii DNA. No T. gondii DNA was found in any myocardium (n = 81) or blood (n = 2) samples. The viable T. gondii strain was not isolated from any myocardium or blood samples (n = 8). Compared to the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in dogs sampled from 2015 to 2018, the prevalence significantly declined from 2020 to 2021 (P < 0.05). Gender and age were not risk factors for dogs infected with T. gondii in this study. However, compared to other sources, dogs from Zhoukou City (close to the Yellow River) or from pet shops showed significantly higher prevalence for T. gondii (P < 0.05).ConclusionA total of 4.29% dogs were infected by T. gondii (23/536, 8 of 195 fecal samples, 2 of 260 serum, and 13 of 81 heart juice samples). This is the first survey of T. gondii infection in dog feces from China. Dogs were exposed to T. gondii, and they could act as mechanical transmitters of T. gondii.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Low Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dogs From Central China

Zhu

Yang

Xin

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…An inhouse qualitative indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used for the detection of T. gondii antibodies in the duck serum samples. Preparation of IFAT slides: T. gondii tachyzoites of the RH strain were cultivated in vitro in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells [ 21 , 22 ]. The monolayer of the infected cells was harvested, and T. gondii tachyzoites were released and enriched using several passages through syringe needles and a 5 μm filter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Detection of Toxoplasma gondii among Free-Grazing Ducks from Central and Western Thailand—A One Health Perspective on Integrated Farming

et al. 2023

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonotic parasitic diseases infecting nearly all warm-blooded animals, including poultry (geese, turkeys, chickens, and ducks). It is caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which is an obligate intracellular protozoan belonging to the Apicomplexa group. In Thailand, duck meat production for domestic consumption and international trade is mainly bred and produced in the central and western parts of the country. Free-grazing ducks in integrated duck–rice production have significant benefits in rice cultivation, accounting for the popularity of this farming system in Thailand. However, ducks are considered particularly susceptible to consuming T. gondii oocysts from water contaminated with cat feces due to the fact of their feeding habits of free-grazing and dabbling. Hence, the prevalence of this zoonotic parasite in a large-scale integrated farming context is particularly challenging with respect to the contamination of the food chain of humans and farm animals. In the present study, we examined the overall prevalence of T. gondii infection in slaughtered free-grazing ducks originating from Central and Western Thailand, setting the stage for an in-depth One Health approach to assess and manage the risks of integrated farming practices. A representative sample size of 161 ducks was calculated using a two-stage sampling method. Specifically, serum samples were collected from 217 slaughtered free-grazing ducks originating in six provinces in Central and Western Thailand. Serum antibodies against T. gondii were detected using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The positive control serum samples were prepared from ducks experimentally immunized with T. gondii. Sixty-eight (31.3%) of the two hundred and seventeen ducks were seropositive with T. gondii. Two groups of fattening ducks and spent layers showed similar seropositivity rates at 29% and 32.3%, with the majority of positive samples being found in the low titer. In addition, a wide distribution of positive serum samples was observed in all six provinces in the present study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a serological prevalence snapshot in commercially produced duck populations that have high interaction with farmed environments in Thailand, revealing a high infection pressure in areas of integrated duck–rice farming. Importantly, contaminated duck meat for commercial use, as well as offal and carcasses from slaughterhouses, completes the transmission of T. gondii from the environment into the food chain of humans and domestic animals. Hence, from a One Health perspective, it is important to clarify whether this transmission chain extends further to the wild, i.e., predator–prey cycles that are independent of duck farming or are self-contained.

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“…Tachyzoites of the highly virulent T. gondii RH strain (Type I) were maintained using Vero cells in MEM with 5% FBS (Gibco, USA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco, USA). The T. gondii tachyzoites were cultivated every 4 days in Vero cells and collected according to published protocols [25,26].…”

Section: Mice Ethics Statement and Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal immunisation with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii uridine phosphorylase confers resistance against acute toxoplasmosis in mice

Yin,

Ren,

You

et al. 2023

Parasite

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Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Currently, control measures for T. gondii infection are insufficient due to the lack of effective medications or vaccines. In this paper, recombinant T. gondii uridine phosphorylase (rTgUPase) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified via Ni2+-NTA agarose. rTgUPase was inoculated intranasally into BALB/c mice, and the induced immune responses were evaluated by mucosal and humoral antibody and cytokine assays and lymphoproliferative measurements. Moreover, the protective effect against the T. gondii RH strain infection was assessed by calculating the burdens of tachyzoites in the liver and brain and by recording the survival rate and time. Our results revealed that mice immunised with 30 μg rTgUPase produced significantly higher levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal, intestinal, vaginal and vesical washes and synthesised higher levels of total IgG, IgG1 and, in particular, IgG2a in their blood sera. rTgUPase immunisation increased the production of IFN-gamma, interleukin IL-2 and IL-4, but not IL-10 from isolated mouse spleen cells and enhanced splenocyte proliferation in vitro. rTgUPase-inoculated mice were effectively protected against infection with the T. gondii RH strain, showing considerable reduction of tachyzoite burdens in liver and brain tissues after 30 days of infection, and a 44.29% increase in survival rate during an acute challenge. The above findings show that intranasal inoculation with rTgUPase provoked mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses and indicate that rTgUPase might serve as a promising vaccine candidate for protecting against toxoplasmosis.

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Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among owned dogs in Cambodia

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Low Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dogs From Central China

Low Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dogs From Central China

Serological Detection of Toxoplasma gondii among Free-Grazing Ducks from Central and Western Thailand—A One Health Perspective on Integrated Farming

Intranasal immunisation with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii uridine phosphorylase confers resistance against acute toxoplasmosis in mice

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