“…The traditional detection methods of CAP include microbiological assay, 7 immunoassay, [8][9][10] and standard techniques, such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), 9,11,12 LC-MS, 13,14 and GC-MS. 15 The first two methods cannot achieve quantitative detection and are prone to false positives. 7 The traditional detection methods are reliable for the analysis of CAP but still are restricted for most instruments expensive and demand laboratory setup, professional operation, and high operating costs. Different from the traditional detection methods, electrochemical method has become one of the important methods for the efficient detection of CAP due to low operating costs, 16,17 a wide range of applications, 18,19 high sensitivity, and more importantly, it can achieve online monitoring.…”