Detection of Argan Oil Adulteration Using Quantitative Campesterol GC‐Analysis

Hilali, Miloudi; Charrouf, Zoubida; Soulhi, Abd El Aziz; Hachimi, Larbi; Guillaume, Dominique

doi:10.1007/s11746-007-1084-y

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Few cases of bribery have been reported and, among the newly created cooperatives, not all of them have implemented the rules as strictly as it was designed in the initial program. Even though analytical methods have now been designed to detect oil blending [30], protecting argan oil remains a prerequisite to protect the argan forest. Because argan forest rescue is dependent on a single produce, collapse of the argan oil market could mean the collapse of the argan forest rescue program as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

Charrouf¹,

Guillaume

2009

Sustainability

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Abstract:The argan tree is a slow growing tree exclusively endemic in the dry lowlands of Southwest Morocco. The argan forest constitutes a long time ignored specific biotope that has been declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1998. The argan forest is particularly fragile to climate change. Forecasts show annual precipitation levels and prolonged drought periods that could severely threaten the future of the argan forest. In some places, the argan forest is already damaged, resulting in the retreat of the argan tree and the subsequent desert encroachment. An acceleration of this trend would have devastating consequences. In response, some twenty years ago, an ambitious, unique in Northern-Africa, and government-supported program was initiated in Morocco to rescue the argan tree via the sustainable development of the argan forest. Because in the late 1980s, sustainable development in developing countries was often considered as a utopia, the argan forest case represents a sign of progress, as it is also an interesting and unique experience in Africa. This review analyses the process followed, the measures taken, the pitfalls encountered, and the results obtained during the last two decades. It also points out the measures that still need to be taken before declaring the argan forest rescue mission is accomplished.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

Charrouf¹,

Guillaume

2009

Sustainability

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“…Since campesterol is almost absent in argan oil, its dosage has been selected to be the method of choice to detect argan adulteration with vegetable oils. This method ascertains argan oil purity up to 98% (Hilali et al, 2007). Adulteration of argan oil with sunflower oil can also be detected using the combination of a voltammetric e-tongue and an e-nose based on metal oxide semiconductor sensors and pattern recognition techniques (Bougrini et al, 2014).…”

Section: Argan Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The argan oil project: going from utopia to reality in 20 years

Charrouf¹,

Guillaume

2018

OCL

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-The "argan oil project" is nowadays considered as an economic success that harmoniously combined sustainable development, integrated research-action and socio-economic progress. Actually, it was a long battle whose main stages are presented here. The main stages of the argan oil project include a detailed chemical study of argan oil in order to certify argan oil quality and establish an official quality norm and obtain a geographic indication, pharmacological analyses to certify cosmetic argan oil safety, and finally a strong desire to develop Moroccan rural areas by implementing women's cooperatives and easing the women's access to education.Keywords: argan oil / edible oil / cosmetic oil / Morocco / field research Résumé -Le projet arganier : 20 ans pour passer de l'utopie à la réalité.. Le « projet arganier » est considéré comme un succès économique qui a mélangé harmonieusement le développement durable, la recherche-action intégrée et le progrès économique et social. En réalité, ce fut une longue bataille dont les principales étapes sont présentées ci-après. Les étapes principales du projet huile d'argan comprennent une étude chimique détaillée de l'huile d'argan pour certifier sa qualité, établir une norme officielle et obtenir une indication géographique protégée, des analyses pharmacologiques certifiant la sécurité de l'huile d'argan et enfin un fort désir de développer les zones rurales marocaines en mettant en place des coopératives de femmes et en facilitant l'accès des femmes à l'éducation.Mots clés : huile d'argan / huile alimentaire / huile cosmétique / Maroc / recherche-action

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“…This observation is of utmost importance since it means that addition of traces of an oil containing campesterol to argan oil will dramatically modifiy its sterol composition while the hypothesis of an artificial removal of campesterol from cheap oil for fraudulent purposes is not likely. Conditions allowing the measurement of argan oil campesterol levels by gas chromatography have recently been designed; thus, this method can be proposed, possibly in addition to fatty acid composition determination and other classical methods, to detect argan oil adulteration [15]. The combination of such methods will ascertain argan oil purity up to 95%.…”

Section: Has My Argan Oil Been Adulterated With Cheap Oils?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Argan oil: Occurrence, composition and impact on human health

Charrouf¹,

Guillaume²

2008

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

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Edible argan oil is traditionally prepared by Berber women who manually crunch the roasted kernels of Argania spinosa fruits. Unroasted kernels furnish a cosmetic-grade oil. Argan groves are currently shrinking due to unfavorable conditions. To stop this trend, a program aimed at increasing the argan tree economical value is in progress in Morocco. Its concept is that the natives will preserve argan trees only if the major part of the wealth resulting from the argan grove production directly benefits them. Because of its high dietary value, argan oil has appeared as the best derivative to rapidly satisfy such assumption. Consequently, year after year, cooperatives have been implanted to produce argan oil of high quality on a large scale. The delicate hazelnut taste of argan oil, combined with its high level in unsaturated fatty acids, has allowed its swift commercial success and, nowadays, argan oil of standardized quality is marketed worldwide. Moroccan farmers are now beginning to plant argan trees, confirming the full success of this ambitious program. This review summarizes the methods used to prepare argan oil, its composition, the strategies available to certify argan oil quality, and finally the impact of argan oil on human health.

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Detection of Argan Oil Adulteration Using Quantitative Campesterol GC‐Analysis

Cited by 64 publications

References 16 publications

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

The argan oil project: going from utopia to reality in 20 years

Argan oil: Occurrence, composition and impact on human health

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