Detection of autoantibodies against advanced glycation endproducts and AGE-immune complexes in serum of patients with diabetes mellitus

Immune responses against aldehyde-modified laminin accelerate atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice

“…Autoantibodies against MDA-and AGE-modified LDL are common in man 5,16 There is an apparent contradiction between the findings that high levels of autoantibodies in man is associated with a lower risk for development of acute cardiovascular events and the finding in hypercholesterolemic mice that immunization with MDA-laminin results in an aggravation of atherosclerosis. However, in view of the complex role of the immune system in atherosclerosis these inconsistencies are not entirely unexpected.…”

Inhibition of human muscle-specific enolase by methylglyoxal and irreversible formation of advanced glycation end products

“…Glycated proteins are less soluble and become resistant to proteolysis [6,7]. They are immunogenic and cytotoxic [8,9]. Glycation develops under physiological conditions in the course of aging of an organism.…”

Definition of the immunogenic forms of modified human LDL recognized by human autoantibodies and by rabbit hyperimmune antibodies

“…When tested by competition against immobilized CML-LDL and by capture assay, we detected a high-affinity antibody reactive primarily with CML-LDL but also reacting strongly with CML-BSA, moderately with AGE-LDL, and weakly with OxLDL. The lack of protein specificity of CML antibodies has been reported by other groups (19). When tested against immobilized AGE-LDL, the preferential reactivity with CML-LDL is not obvious and the cross-reactivity with OxLDL is enhanced, suggesting that the assay detects lower affinity antibodies that cross-react more extensively.…”

“…For example, Steinbrecher et al (3) showed that immune guinea pig antibodies to carbamylated, acetylated, or ethylated autologous LDL reacted with the corresponding modified lysine residues and that the reactivity extended to other modified non-LDL proteins. Similarly, it has been reported that antibodies raised in rabbits against one AGEmodified protein react with other AGE-modified proteins (19). In contrast, affinity chromatography-purified human AGE-LDL antibodies react primarily with AGE-LDL, cross-react strongly with CML-LDL and OxLDL, but show very little to minimal reactivity with CML-human serum albumin (HSA) (16).…”