Detection of autoimmune antibodies in severe but not in moderate or asymptomatic COVID-19 patients

Fakhro, Aisha D.; Nasrallah, Gheyath K.; Khan, Taushif; Cyprian, Farhan S.; Ali, Fatima; Ata, Manar; Taleb, Sara; Hssain, Ali Ait; Eid, Ali H.; Abu‐Raddad, Laith J.; Al‐Khal, Abdullatif; Thani, Asmaa A. Al; Marr, Nico; Yassine, Hadi M.

doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.21252438

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Some studies have proposed a relationship between COVID‐19 infection with autoimmunity. Fakhroo et al investigated the level of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in COVID‐19 patients with different severities (Fakhroo et al, 2021). ANA in general is related to connective tissue diseases (CTD) and may be associated with some immune disorders (Grygiel‐Górniak et al, 2018).…”

Section: Sars‐cov‐2 Cross‐reactivity With Human Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ANA in general is related to connective tissue diseases (CTD) and may be associated with some immune disorders (Grygiel‐Górniak et al, 2018). ANA IgG screening by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed high ANA levels observed in ICU COVID‐19 patients but not in non‐ICU cases, suggesting a possible relation between COVID‐19 severity and ANA levels that may be triggered by the inducing of autoimmune disease (Fakhroo et al, 2021). Schiaffino et al prepared the new indirect immunofluorescence (IF) pattern containing rat liver, kidney, and stomach sections to diagnose AAB and screen COVID‐19 patients.…”

Section: Sars‐cov‐2 Cross‐reactivity With Human Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19: A trigger of autoimmune diseases

Zebardast

Hasanzadeh

Shiadeh

et al. 2023

Cell Biology International

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The SARS‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has spread worldwide and caused a global health emergency. SARS‐CoV‐2 is a coronaviridae virus that infects target cells by interacting with the plasma membrane‐expressed angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via the S1 component of the S protein. Effective host immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which includes both innate and adaptive immunity, is critical for virus management and elimination. The intensity and outcome of COVID‐19 may be related to an overabundance of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which results in a “cytokine storm” and acute respiratory distress syndrome. After SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the immune system's hyperactivity and production of autoantibodies may result in autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, Guillain‐Barré syndrome, vasculitis, multiple sclerosis, pro‐thrombotic state, and diffuse coagulopathy, as well as certain autoinflammatory conditions such as Kawasaki disease in children. We have reviewed the association between COVID‐19 and autoimmune disorders in this article.

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Section: Sars‐cov‐2 Cross‐reactivity With Human Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars‐cov‐2 Cross‐reactivity With Human Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19: A trigger of autoimmune diseases

Zebardast

Hasanzadeh

Shiadeh

et al. 2023

Cell Biology International

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Immunoinformatics prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes from human coronaviruses and association with autoimmunity

Mathew

Fakhroo²,

Smatti

et al. 2022

Immunogenetics

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Cross-reactivity between different human coronaviruses (HCoVs) might contribute to COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we aimed to predict conserved peptides among different HCoVs that could elicit cross-reacting B cell and T cell responses. Three hundred fifty-one full-genome sequences of HCoVs, including SARS-CoV-2 (51), SARS-CoV-1 (50), MERS-CoV (50), and common cold species OC43 (50), NL63 (50), 229E (50), and HKU1 (50) were downloaded aligned using Geneious Prime 20.20. Identification of epitopes in the conserved regions of HCoVs was carried out using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict B- and T-cell epitopes. Further, we identified sequences that bind multiple common MHC and modeled the three-dimensional structures of the protein regions. The search yielded 73 linear and 35 discontinuous epitopes. A total of 16 B-cell and 19 T-cell epitopes were predicted through a comprehensive bioinformatic screening of conserved regions derived from HCoVs. The 16 potentially cross-reactive B-cell epitopes included 12 human proteins and four viral proteins among the linear epitopes. Likewise, we identified 19 potentially cross-reactive T-cell epitopes covering viral proteins. Interestingly, two conserved regions: LSFVSLAICFVIEQF (NSP2) and VVHSVNSLVSSMEVQSL (spike), contained several matches that were described epitopes for SARS-CoV. Most of the predicted B cells were buried within the SARS-CoV-2 protein regions’ functional domains, whereas T-cell stretched close to the functional domains. Additionally, most SARS-CoV-2 predicted peptides (80%) bound to different HLA types associated with autoimmune diseases. We identified a set of potential B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the HCoVs that could contribute to different diseases manifestation, including autoimmune disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00251-021-01250-5.

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