Detection of aztreonam, meropenem and imipenem resistant Gram negative bacteria from inpatient department in Federal Medical Center (FMC), Birnin, Kebbi, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistant infections were responsible for the deaths of 1.27 million people, with an overall 4.95 million deaths associated with complications from resistant bacterial infections globally. Aim: This study determined the antibiotics; aztreonam (ATM), meropenem (MEM) and imipenem (IMP) resistant Gram negative bacteria from inpatient department in FMC, Birnin Kebbi. Methods: Thirty (30) samples from different fomites in the inpatient department were aseptically collected using swab sticks. Streak plate technique was used to characterize and identify the bacterial isolates, then disc diffusion technique was employed to check the resistance pattern of the isolates to the antibiotics as in EUCAST guidelines version 12.0. Results: The biochemical technique further confirmed the occurrence of; Escherichia coli (E. coli) (35%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%), Klebseilla pneumonia (20%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (15%). On the antibiotic resistance screening, E. coli and A. baumannii were found multi-drug resistant (MDR) to the antibiotics. The remaining isolates show resistance to the antibiotics except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were found sensitive to MEM and IPM respectively. Conclusion: Bacteria isolated are highly drug resistant to the antibiotics. The need for routine environmental sanitation, proper personal hygiene among the hospital participants, drug repositioning and molecular assay for rapid detection of MDR bacteria.