Detection of Bacillus cereus as a causative agent of emetic food poisoning by an unconventional culture procedure

Kubota, Noriko; Kobayashi, Jun; Kasai, Ayaka; Nasuno, Masaru; Murai, Tatsuya; Minami, Kisei; Ohta, Michio

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2022.07.011

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many toxin-related genes such as bceT (coding for enterotoxin T) [10] , hblC, hblD, hblA, hblB (coding for components of hemolysin BL) [11] , ces (coding for cereulide) [12] , and nheA, nheB nheC (coding for components of non-hemolytic Enterotoxin) [13] have been identified, thus allowing PCR to be a method to detect B. cereus strains [10] . However, a strain with toxin-encoding genes does not necessarily mean it could secrete toxins due to the complex regulative mechanisms of the B. cereus group's toxins and the health condition of hosts [14] .…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction-based (Pcr) Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Disinfection of Bacillus Cereus

Song¹

2022

ssr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacillus cereus is a foodborne, conditional pathogen that causes vomiting and diarrhea and has become a rising threat to food safety. This review introduces several major types of B. cereus detection methods (including traditional methods, PCR-based assays , immunological assays, cytotoxicity assays, and a CBD-related assay) and species-specific disinfection methods (including AMPs and endolysins). These methods have either been applied or have the potential to be applied in the food industry. The intention of this review is to introduce the principle of these methods and evaluate their strengths and weakness.

show abstract

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction-based (Pcr) Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Disinfection of Bacillus Cereus

Song¹

2022

ssr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, emetic strains producing the depsipeptide toxin cereulide are known as an infamous source of food intoxications, with symptoms ranging from emesis and nausea to multi-organ failure and even death in some cases ( Dierick et al., 2005 ; Naranjo et al., 2011 ; Tschiedel et al., 2015 ; Ehling-Schulz et al., 2019 ; Jovanovic et al., 2021 ; Thery et al., 2022 ). The ability of cereulide to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) ( Bauer et al., 2018 ) may explain the cerebral effects, including acute encephalopathy, reported from severe intoxication cases ( Ichikawa et al., 2010 ; Kubota et al., 2022 ). Cereulide is produced by the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase CesNRPS encoded by the ces genes on the megaplasmid pCer270, which shares its backbone with the Bacillus anthracis toxin plasmid pX01 ( Ehling-Schulz et al., 2005b , Ehling-Schulz et al., 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A poisonous cocktail: interplay of cereulide toxin and its structural isomers in emetic Bacillus cereus

Kranzler,

Walser,

Stark

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food intoxications evoked by emetic Bacillus cereus strains constitute a serious threat to public health, leading to emesis and severe organ failure. The emetic peptide toxin cereulide, assembled by the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase CesNRPS, cannot be eradicated from contaminated food by usual hygienic measures due to its molecular size and structural stability. Next to cereulide, diverse chemical variants have been described recently that are produced concurrently with cereulide by CesNRPS. However, the contribution of these isocereulides to the actual toxicity of emetic B. cereus, which produces a cocktail of these toxins in a certain ratio, is still elusive. Since cereulide isoforms have already been detected in food remnants from foodborne outbreaks, we aimed to gain insights into the composition of isocereulides and their impact on the overall toxicity of emetic B. cereus. The amounts and ratios of cereulide and isocereulides were determined in B. cereus grown under standard laboratory conditions and in a contaminated sample of fried rice balls responsible for one of the most severe food outbreaks caused by emetic B. cereus in recent years. The ratios of variants were determined as robust, produced either under laboratory or natural, food-poisoning conditions. Examination of their actual toxicity in human epithelial HEp2-cells revealed that isocereulides A-N, although accounting for only 10% of the total cereulide toxins, were responsible for about 40% of the total cytotoxicity. An this despite the fact that some of the isocereulides were less cytotoxic than cereulide when tested individually for cytotoxicity. To estimate the additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects of the single variants, each cereulide variant was mixed with cereulide in a 1:9 and 1:1 binary blend, respectively, and tested on human cells. The results showed additive and synergistic impacts of single variants, highlighting the importance of including not only cereulide but also the isocereulides in routine food and clinical diagnostics to achieve a realistic toxicity evaluation of emetic B. cereus in contaminated food as well as in patient samples linked to foodborne outbreaks. Since the individual isoforms confer different cell toxicity both alone and in association with cereulide, further investigations are needed to fully understand their cocktail effect.

show abstract