Detection of bacteria based on the thermomechanical noise of a nanomechanical resonator: origin of the response and detection limits

Ramos, Daniel; Tamayo, Javier; Mertens, Johan; Calleja, Montserrat; Villanueva, Luis Guillermo; Zaballos, Ángel

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/03/035503

Cited by 69 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The eigenfrequencies of the microcantilever are shifted due to the mass and mechanical stiffness of the adsorbate. [7][8][9][10][11][12] The static deformation originates as the outcome of intermolecular interactions between the adsorbed molecules themselves and their interaction with the surface of the microcantilever. Depending on the free surface energy variation and the dimensions and mechanical properties of the cantilever, molecular adsorption typically induces cantilever displacements from few to hundreds of nanometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput optical readout of dense arrays of nanomechanical systems for sensing applications

Martínez¹,

Kosaka²,

Tamayo³

et al. 2010

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A nano-cheese-cutter to directly measure interfacial adhesion of freestanding nano-fibers J. Appl. Phys. 111, 024315 (2012) Stabilization and growth of non-native nanocrystals at low and atmospheric pressures J. Chem. Phys. 136, 044703 (2012) Nanoparticle production in arc generated fireballs of granular silicon powder AIP Advances 2, 012126 (2012) Stability and topological transformations of liquid droplets on vapor-liquid-solid nanowires J. Appl. Phys. 111, 024302 (2012) Role of RuO3 for the formation of RuO2 nanorods Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 033108 (2012) Additional information on Rev. Sci. Instrum. We present an instrument based on the scanning of a laser beam and the measurement of the reflected beam deflection that enables the readout of arrays of nanomechanical systems without limitation in the geometry of the sample, with high sensitivity and a spatial resolution of few micrometers. The measurement of nanoscale deformations on surfaces of cm 2 is performed automatically, with minimal need of user intervention for optical alignment. To exploit the capability of the instrument for high throughput biological and chemical sensing, we have designed and fabricated a two-dimensional array of 128 cantilevers. As a proof of concept, we measure the nanometer-scale bending of the 128 cantilevers, previously coated with a thin gold layer, induced by the adsorption and self-assembly on the gold surface of several self-assembled monolayers. The instrument is able to provide the static and dynamic responses of cantilevers with subnanometer resolution and at a rate of up to ten cantilevers per second. The instrumentation and the fabricated chip enable applications for the analysis of complex biological systems and for artificial olfaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput optical readout of dense arrays of nanomechanical systems for sensing applications

Martínez¹,

Kosaka²,

Tamayo³

et al. 2010

Review of Scientific Instruments

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show abstract

“…The group of Tamayo have published several works outlining the effects of adsorption position on the resonance response of cantilevers. [37][38][39] In these works, it has been shown that the deposition of bacterial cells can produce both negative ("mass effect") and positive ("stiffness effect") frequency shifts. It is proposed that the stiffness (Young's modulus) of the adsorbed particle alters the flexural rigidity of the cantilever to produce positive frequency shifts.…”

Section: Multimode Aspergillus Niger Growth Detection and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Device for filamentous fungi growth monitoring using the multimodal frequency response of cantilevers

Maloney

Lukacs

Ball

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Filamentous fungi cause opportunistic infections in hospital patients. A fast assay to detect viable spores is of great interest. We present a device that is capable of monitoring fungi growth in real time via the dynamic operation of cantilevers in an array. The ability to detect minute frequency shifts for higher order flexural resonance modes is demonstrated using hydrogel functionalised cantilevers. The use of higher order resonance modes sees the sensor dependent mass responsivity enhanced by a factor of 13 in comparison to measurements utilizing the fundamental resonance mode only. As a proof of principle measurement, Aspergillus niger growth is monitored using the first two flexural resonance modes. The detection of single spore growth within 10 h is reported for the first time. The ability to detect and monitor the growth of single spores, within a small time frame, is advantageous in both clinical and industrial settings.

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“…Within the latter category, a large subset of sensing applications exists in the fields of proteomics [1][2][3][4][5], genomics [6][7][8] and microbiology [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], amongst others. A crucial component in achieving biologically relevant metrics in bio-sensing is the environment in which the test is performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized measurement chamber for cantilever array measurements in liquid incorporating an automated sample handling system

et al. 2015

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Micro-and nanomechanical analytical devices for diagnostics require small sample volumes, and stable and efficient clamping of the sensors for optimized bioassays. A fully automated device for the readout of the dynamic and static response of cantilevers in a physiological liquid environment including a sample handling system is presented. The device provides sequential readout of the static and dynamic mode providing the best signal to noise ratio for each individual cantilever. In the dynamic mode, it is possible to measure up to the 16 th flexural resonance mode of vibration of a 500 μm long and 1 μm thick cantilever. The automated sample handling system enables the local injection of sub microliter volumes of sample with excellent reproducibility. Data demonstrating the response of the cantilevers to external stimuli highlight the sensitivity of the device and the importance of the use of reference cantilevers to decouple biologically relevant metrics from environmental effects. A specific biomolecular interaction of sensitised nanospheres on cantilever sensors with a mass resolution of~50 picogram in liquid is shown.

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Detection of bacteria based on the thermomechanical noise of a nanomechanical resonator: origin of the response and detection limits

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

High throughput optical readout of dense arrays of nanomechanical systems for sensing applications

High throughput optical readout of dense arrays of nanomechanical systems for sensing applications

Device for filamentous fungi growth monitoring using the multimodal frequency response of cantilevers

An optimized measurement chamber for cantilever array measurements in liquid incorporating an automated sample handling system

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