Detection of bacteria in stored red cell products using a culture‐based bacterial detection system

Abstract

With incubation of eBDS pouches for 48 and 72 hours, 100 percent detection was obtained in 884 samples with bacterial levels of at least 1 CFU per mL, and no false-positive samples were obtained. Based on the bacterial growth patterns, RBC units may be sampled 1 to 3 days after collection for optimal efficacy and read after 48 to 72 hours of incubation of the eBDS sample pouches at 35 degrees C. The Pall eBDS is suited for detection of typical bacterial contaminants in fresh and stored RBCs.

Implementation of Bacterial Detection Methods into Blood Donor Screening – Overview of Different Technologies

“…All of the results with an O 2 concentration below a threshold of 9.4% are interpreted as positive. The analytical sensitivity has been investigated in several studies [22][23][24]64] and is comparable to the BacT/ALERT sensitivity with 1 CFU/ml. The advantage of this bacterial detection assay is that it is a barcode-controlled, closed system to avoid secondary contamination, and it has a fixed detection time of 24 h after sample collection.…”

Changing the 30-min Rule in Canada: The Effect of Room Temperature on Bacterial Growth in Red Blood Cells

“…Skin flora S. epidermidis was selected as one of the most common blood product contaminants while the 5 Gram-negative species were chosen since they have been shown to either grow in RBCs [7] or been implicated in adverse transfusion reactions involving contaminated RBC units [8,9,10]. …”

Novel flow cytometric screening method for bacterial contamination of red blood cells: a proof‐of‐principle evaluation

“…Experiments by Gravemann and coworkers have shown that strains E. chloacae , E. coli , K. pneumoniae , P. aeruginosa , S. epidermidis , and S. marcescens do not proliferate in RBCs and bacterial titers decrease after inoculation with 100 CFUs/mL ; P. acnes , S. aureus , and S. pyogenes showed no growth but have consistent bacterial titers; whereas Y. enterocolitica and S. liquefaciens rapidly grew to high titers of 10 9 CFUs/mL within 28 days. Growth kinetics of these bacterial species were also confirmed by Chen and colleageus, showing proliferation for E. amnigenes , S. liquefaciens , P. fluorescens , L. monocytogenes, and Y. enterocolitica and no substantial growth for B. cereus , K. pneumoniae , P. aeruginosa , P. putida , S. aureus, and S. epidermidis . The extremely fast growth kinetics of Y. enterocolitica and S. liquefaciens in RBCs stored at 4°C to more than 10 7 CFUs/mL noticed in this study were confirmed by Chen and colleagues, also observing a rapid growth of these two organism with bacterial concentration of approximately 10 6 CFUs/mL after 10 days, reaching more than 10 7 CFUs/mL after 15 days of incubation .…”

“…Growth kinetics of these bacterial species were also confirmed by Chen and colleageus, showing proliferation for E. amnigenes , S. liquefaciens , P. fluorescens , L. monocytogenes, and Y. enterocolitica and no substantial growth for B. cereus , K. pneumoniae , P. aeruginosa , P. putida , S. aureus, and S. epidermidis . The extremely fast growth kinetics of Y. enterocolitica and S. liquefaciens in RBCs stored at 4°C to more than 10 7 CFUs/mL noticed in this study were confirmed by Chen and colleagues, also observing a rapid growth of these two organism with bacterial concentration of approximately 10 6 CFUs/mL after 10 days, reaching more than 10 7 CFUs/mL after 15 days of incubation . Other bacterial growth kinetics observed in this study again confirmed the established growth kinetics by Chen and colleagues, with the exception of P. aeruginosa .…”

“…However, the high‐titer spiking experiments for E. aerogenes , E. coli , K. pneumoniae , P. aeruginosa , S. aureus, and S. epidermidis isolates exhibit an artificial approach. These bacterial strains had shown no bacterial growth in a previous study and, based on these data, a titer within the range of 10 3 CFUs/mL was selected to optimally demonstrate monitoring and quantification of bacteria by BF flow cytometry. Cultivation in culture media and high‐titer spiking may lead to unreliable results because the complex matrix of blood components may result in an alternate bacterial phenotype expression .…”