Detection of Balamuthia mandrillaris DNA by real-time PCR targeting the RNase P gene

Kiderlen, Albrecht F.; Radam, Elke; Lewin, Astrid

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-210

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…bution favors warmer climates (3,5,7,8). Amebic meningoencephalitis caused by B mandrillaris has a mortality rate of approximately 98%, with no established treatment (2,3,9). The clinical presentation and imaging findings tend to be nonspecific, which makes diagnosis difficult, and a definitive diagnosis is often not made until autopsy (3,6,7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The causative agent, B mandrillaris, is a free-living ameba that is difficult to isolate, although it has been demonstrated in soil samples (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In the time since the disease was first recognized in humans in 1990, more than 150 cases have been reported worldwide, but the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of B mandrillaris amebic meningoencephalitis remain incompletely understood (6,7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Best Cases from the AFIP:Balamuthia mandrillarisAmebic Meningoencephalitis

et al. 2011

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A 2-year-old girl was seen initially at the emergency department of another institution and presented with symptoms of intermittent disequilibrium and worsening gait that had been present for the previous 2-3 weeks. Her medical history disclosed no other relevant findings, and she had no known risk factors. The patient had no history of recent travel or exposure to illness, and before the onset of symptoms, she had been healthy. She was transferred to our facility for further evaluation because of abnormal findings at computed tomography (CT) of the brain. Imaging FindingsCT examination of the brain without the use of contrast material demonstrated multiple hypoattenuating areas within the cerebral hemispheres bilaterally; these areas had the typical appearance of vasogenic edema (Fig 1a). The imaging findings were suggestive of a nonspecific infectious or inflammatory process, such as cerebritis. In the right thalamus, a focal hypoattenuating round lesion was depicted that extended toward the right basal ganglia and had an appearance suggestive of an abscess or tumor (Fig 1b).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Best Cases from the AFIP:Balamuthia mandrillarisAmebic Meningoencephalitis

et al. 2011

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“…These structures reacted heavily with both rabbit antisera (anti-Acanthamoeba and anti-Balamuthia). Additionally, DNA from the brain tissue tested positive for both Balamuthia mandrillaris in two independent real-time PCR assays (11,19) and Acanthamoeba spp. in one real-time and one endpoint PCR assay (19,21).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba Amebic Encephalitis with Neurotoxoplasmosis Coinfection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Infection

et al. 2012

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We describe a patient with advanced HIV infection and Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with Toxoplasma gondii coinfection. A multidisciplinary effort and state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques were required for diagnosis. Our patient is the first reported case of an HIV-infected person with dual Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with neurotoxoplasmosis coinfection. CASE REPORT

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“…Recently, high-sensitivity real-time PCR targeting the RNase P gene has been developed (6). In the current case, however, the PCR test was negative for amoebae, including B. mandrillaris, N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Successful Treatment of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis with Combination Antimicrobial Therapy

et al. 2013

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Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a rare but fatal infection. Due to its nonspecific symptoms and laboratory and neuroradiological findings, it is rarely diagnosed antemortem. We herein present the case of a 72-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed with GAE following the detection of a pathogen similar to Balamuthia mandrillaris under a microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid sediment and who achieved remission with combination antimicrobial therapy. There are no previous reports of pathogens similar to B. mandrillaris being detected in cerebrospinal fluid antemortem; therefore, this case may be used as a benchmark for further studies.

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Detection of Balamuthia mandrillaris DNA by real-time PCR targeting the RNase P gene

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Best Cases from the AFIP:Balamuthia mandrillarisAmebic Meningoencephalitis

Best Cases from the AFIP:Balamuthia mandrillarisAmebic Meningoencephalitis

Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba Amebic Encephalitis with Neurotoxoplasmosis Coinfection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Infection

Successful Treatment of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis with Combination Antimicrobial Therapy

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