Detection of benzimidazole resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats of sub-Himalyan region of northern India using different tests

Emergence of Anthelmintic Resistance in Haemonchus contortus on Organized Sheep and Goat Farms of Sub-Himalayan Region of Northern India

“…FBZ resistant H. contortus in small ruminants has also been reported by various workers from different parts of India (Yadav, 1990;Yadav et al, 1996;Singh and Yadav, 1997;Swarnkar et al, 1999;Swarnkar and Singh, 2012). Benzimidazole resistant H. contortus in field flocks of sheep and goats of subHimalayan region of northern India has also been reported by Laha et al, (1999) and Rialch et al, (2013). TMS resistant H. contortus has also been reported by Makvana andSingh (2009), Maharshi et al, (2011) and Swarnkar and Singh (2012) from India.…”

“…In India, the first report of anthelmintic resistance in H. contortus to phenothiazine and thiabendazole has been reported by Varshney and Singh (1976) (Yadav, 1990;Laha et al, 1999;Garg et al, 2007;Jaiswal et al, 2013;Rialch et al, 2013;Pandey and Vatsya, 2013). However, there is scanty information on the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance from organized sheep and goat farms of sub-Himalayan region of northern India.…”

Evaluation of Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nicotiana tabacum against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats

“…Use of chemical drugs remains the only option to control GI nematodosis under field condition because of unavailability and unfeasibility of the other methods of controlling the infection. Unfortunately, the excessive or haphazard use of chemical drugs had lead to emergence of resistance among the GI parasite in most of the countries including India (Rialch et al, 2013). Use of chemical drugs and emergence of resistance are the factors which are forcing the researchers to find out an alternative control methods.…”

Anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to the single or combined administration of benzimidazoles and closantel in three localities in Mexico

“…In particular, the anthelmintic resistance AR of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep occurs globally and is described as a major threat to sheep production 11,12 . For example, gastrointestinal nematodes were resistant to benzimidazole on all farms assessed with a previous history of benzimidazole use in ithuanian sheep 13 , and in many flocks in India (14) . Moreover, AR reaches high levels in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, in addition to regions that rely on small ruminants as one of the primary sources of animal protein [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

“…For the prevention and management of AR, important considerations are the frequency of the development of anthelmintic drug resistance and the extent at which it spreads 17,18 . In particular, for the benzimidazole derivatives used in sheep, the evaluation of their efficacy or the resistance to them is of paramount importance for the timely management of gastrointestinal nematodes 14 .…”