Detection of Biomarkers through Functionalized Polymers

García‐Faustino, Litzy L.; Morris, Stephen M.; Elston, Steve J.; Montelongo, Yunuen

doi:10.1002/smtd.202301025

Cited by 3 publications

References 149 publications

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Click Chemistry for Biofunctional Polymers: From Observing to Steering Cell Behavior

Ghosal,

Bhattacharyya,

Mishra

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Click chemistry has become one of the most powerful construction tools in the field of organic chemistry, materials science, and polymer science, as it offers hassle-free platforms for the high-yielding synthesis of novel materials and easy functionalization strategies. The absence of harsh reaction conditions or complicated workup procedures allowed the rapid development of novel biofunctional polymeric materials, such as biopolymers, tailor-made polymer surfaces, stimulus-responsive polymers, etc. In this review, we discuss various types of click reactions�including azide−alkyne cycloadditions, nucleophilic and radical thiol click reactions, a range of cycloadditions (Diels−Alder, tetrazole, nitrile oxide, etc.), sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click reaction, and oxime-hydrazone click reactions�and their use for the formation and study of biofunctional polymers. Following that, we discuss state-of-the-art biological applications of "click"-biofunctionalized polymers, including both passive applications (e.g., biosensing and bioimaging) and "active" ones that aim to direct changes in biosystems, e.g., for drug delivery, antiviral action, and tissue engineering. In conclusion, we have outlined future directions and existing challenges of click-based polymers for medicinal chemistry and clinical applications. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 13217 2. Different Strategies for the Synthesis of Functional Polymers by Click Chemistry 13218 2.1. Linear Polymers 13219 2.1.1. Linear Polymers with Clicked Moieties in Backbone 13219 2.1.

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Click Chemistry for Biofunctional Polymers: From Observing to Steering Cell Behavior

Ghosal,

Bhattacharyya,

Mishra

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Fluorometric Sensors and Devices for Biomarkers

Kumar,

Mutreja,

Singh

et al. 2024

Sensing Materials and Devices for Biomarkers

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Fluorometric sensors and devices are important tools for the detection and measurement of biomarkers, which are indicators of biological processes and diseases. These sensors involve the emission of light from fluorescent molecules upon interaction with target biomolecules, resulting in a measurable signal. Fluorescence-based techniques, for instance, fluorescence microscopy, fluorometry, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and fluorescent probes, enable researchers to study biological molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. Fluorometric sensors offer numerous benefits over conventional detection methods, like higher sensitivity, selectivity, versatility, and the ability to sense various biomarkers instantaneously. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the recent developments in fluorometric sensors and devices for biomarker detection, including the design principles, sensing mechanisms, and fabrication techniques for developing fluorometric sensors. The challenges and future directions of this technology are also discussed. This chapter highlights the importance of these techniques in advancing our understanding of biological systems and their potential for improving healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring.

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