Detection of bovine leukosis provirus in blood and semen samples of bulls

Asadpour, Reza; Jafari, Razi

doi:10.1007/s00580-010-1083-5

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our findings suggest that dairy cattle in Japan are more severely affected by BLV infection than beef cattle. This higher prevalence within dairy cattle herds has been observed in other countries [2,7]. It is possible that BLV has been widely disseminated across Japan over the last 25 years among dairy and beef farms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Nationwide Survey of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection among Dairy and Beef Breeding Cattle in Japan from 2009–2011

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. A nationwide survey of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection was conducted among dairy and beef breeding cattle in Japan from 2009-2011 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of a total of 20,835 cattle tested, 35.2% were seropositive for BLV and the animal type-level seroprevalences in dairy and beef breeding cattle were 40.9 and 28.7%, respectively. By the time animals were 1 year old, 21.0% of dairy and 13.7% of beef breeding cattle were considered infected. Our findings indicate that BLV is widespread among dairy and beef breeding cattle in Japan with the BLV seroprevalences approximately 10-and 4-fold higher, respectively, than previously reported for 1980-1982 in Japan. KEY WORDS: bovine leukemia virus, cattle, nationwide survey, seroprevalence.

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confidence: 87%

Nationwide Survey of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection among Dairy and Beef Breeding Cattle in Japan from 2009–2011

et al. 2013

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“…Those tests are appropriate for screening thousands of cattle, because of easy sample preparation compared with PCR tests which require DNA extraction and availability of a rapid and cost-effective diagnosis kit. However, in some cases, these serological tests show several problems, including poor sensitivity compared with PCR testing, false positive samples, detection of maternal antibodies and inability to perform a diagnosis using tissue or semen samples [ 3 , 5 , 11 , 15 ]. Although Sweden achieved eradication of BLV-infected cattle and elimination of BLV using only an ELISA test [ 6 ], PCR testing would enable a more definitive surveillance program to eradicate BLV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct polymerase chain reaction from blood and tissue samples for rapid diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus infection

Nishimori

Konnai

Ikebuchi

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection induces bovine leukemia in cattle and causes significant financial harm to farmers and farm management. There is no effective therapy or vaccine; thus, the diagnosis and elimination of BLV-infected cattle are the most effective method to eradicate the infection. Clinical veterinarians need a simpler and more rapid method of diagnosing infection, because both nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR are labor intensive, time-consuming, and require specialized molecular biology techniques and expensive equipment. In this study, we describe a novel PCR method for amplifying the BLV provirus from whole blood, thus eliminating the need for DNA extraction. Although the sensitivity of PCR directly from whole blood (PCR-DB) samples as measured in bovine blood containing BLV-infected cell lines was lower than that of nested PCR, the PCR-DB technique showed high specificity and reproducibility. Among 225 clinical samples, 49 samples were positive by nested PCR, and 37 samples were positive by PCR-DB. There were no false positive samples; thus, PCR-DB sensitivity and specificity were 75.51% and 100%, respectively. However, the provirus loads of the samples detected by nested PCR and not PCR-DB were quite low. Moreover, PCR-DB also stably amplified the BLV provirus from tumor tissue samples. PCR-DB method exhibited good reproducibility and excellent specificity and is suitable for screening of thousands of cattle, thus serving as a viable alternative to nested PCR and real-time PCR.

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“…Geographical regions had different within-herd prevalence on dairy and beef operations in some studies (Gnad et al, 2004;Nekouei et al, 2015) but not others (Scott et al, 2006), resulting in no clear understanding regarding the role of location in BLV prevalence. Finally, 1 study failed to identify risk factors that could Morris et al, 1996;Ooshiro et al, 2013;Kohara et al, 2018;Panei et al, 2019 Choi et al, 2002;Asadpour and Jafari, 2012;Erskine et al, 2012b;Khamesipour et al, 2013;Mekata et al, 2018;Benitez et al, 2019a,b Semen None, unless contaminated BLV detected in some semen and smegma samples…”

Section: Horizontal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No transmission through natural breeding by bulls with very low proviral load; some transmission through natural breeding by bulls with low proviral load Choi et al, 2002;Asadpour and Jafari, 2012;Khamesipour et al, 2013;Mekata et al, 2018;Benitez et al, 2019a,b Continued explain within-herd prevalence in beef herds (Bezerra et al, 2019), although only 16 herds were included. Animal-to-Animal Contact.…”

Section: Horizontal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a recent crosssectional study, natural breeding of dairy cattle was associated with higher within-herd BLV prevalence (Erskine et al, 2012a), although BLV status of herd bulls was unknown. Bovine leukemia virus has been detected in bull semen in some studies (Sharifzadeh et al, 2011;Asadpour and Jafari, 2012;Khamesipour et al, 2013) but not in others (Choi et al, 2002;Benitez et al, 2019b), representing a gap in knowledge regarding BLV transmission. In many of these reports, detailed assessment of techniques used was not possible; therefore, whether samples were contaminated with lymphocytes cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Horizontal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invited review: Bovine leukemia virus—Transmission, control, and eradication

Kuczewski

Orsel

Barkema

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, endemic in North American dairy herds, has production-limiting effects. A literature review of available papers published since 1995 concerning BLV transmission and its control was conducted. Although confirmed transmission routes were reviewed (blood, natural breeding, in utero, colostrum, and milk), there is still a lack of detailed information on other specific risks for transmission (e.g., contact transmission and hoof-trimming knives). Eradication of BLV has been achieved by combined management, segregation, and culling approaches. In contrast, although sole implementation of best management practices aimed at prevention of BLV transmission has decreased within-herd BLV prevalence, it has not eradicated BLV from a herd. Therefore, control and eradication of BLV by best management practices only should be further investigated. Additionally, the role of proviral load in infected cattle was investigated. Cattle with a high proviral load seem to be more likely to infect others, whereas those with a very low proviral load seem to have low risks of transmitting BLV. Information on proviral load could be taken into account when controlling BLV in high-prevalence herds. In conclusion, there is a need for detailed, large-scale studies investigating roles of specific transmission routes, knowing proviral load of infected individuals.

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Detection of bovine leukosis provirus in blood and semen samples of bulls

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Nationwide Survey of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection among Dairy and Beef Breeding Cattle in Japan from 2009–2011

Nationwide Survey of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection among Dairy and Beef Breeding Cattle in Japan from 2009–2011

Direct polymerase chain reaction from blood and tissue samples for rapid diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus infection

Invited review: Bovine leukemia virus—Transmission, control, and eradication

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