Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus p80 Protein in Subpopulations of Bovine Leukocytes

Sopp, P.; Hooper, L B; Clarke, Martin; Howard, Chris; Brownlie, Joe

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-75-5-1189

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Chi et al (61) and others (54,56,62) showed that IFN-a and IFN-l together mediated the CD4 + T cell suppression seen during respiratory syncytial virus infection to both virus and recall responses to a third-party Ag. During BVDV infection in vivo, only a small percentage of DCs are infected (63). However, activation/maturation may be induced in uninfected immature myeloid DCs following exposure to IFN produced by pDCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I and III IFNs Produced by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Response to a Member of theFlaviviridaeSuppress Cellular Immune Responses

Reid

Juleff

Windsor

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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The pestivirus noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can suppress IFN production in the majority of cell types in vitro. However, IFN is detectable in serum during acute infection in vivo for ∼5–7 d, which correlates with a period of leucopoenia and immunosuppression. In this study, we demonstrate that a highly enriched population of bovine plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) produced IFN in response to BVDV in vitro. We further show that the majority of the IFN produced in response to infection both in vitro and in vivo is type III IFN and acid labile. Further, we show IL-28B (IFN-λ3) mRNA is induced in this cell population in vitro. Supernatant from plasmacytoid DCs harvested postinfection with BVDV or recombinant bovine IFN-α or human IL-28B significantly reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation induced by tubercle bacillus Ag 85–stimulated monocyte-derived DCs. Furthermore, these IFNs induced IFN-stimulated gene expression predominantly in monocyte-derived DCs. IFN-treated immature DCs derived from murine bone marrow also had a reduced capacity to stimulate T cell proliferative responses to tubercle bacillus Ag 85. Immature DCs derived from either source had a reduced capacity for Ag uptake following IFN treatment that is dose dependent. Immunosuppression is a feature of a number of pestivirus infections; our studies suggest type III IFN production plays a key role in the pathogenesis of this family of viruses. Overall, in a natural host, we have demonstrated a link between the induction of type I and III IFN after acute viral infection and transient immunosuppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I and III IFNs Produced by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Response to a Member of theFlaviviridaeSuppress Cellular Immune Responses

Reid

Juleff

Windsor

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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“…BVDV is known to infect cells of the innate immune system, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 36 Recent studies have demonstrated that BVDV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages have significantly impaired functional capacity, as measured by phagocytosis and cytokine production in vitro. 7,29 Because macrophages and osteoclasts originate from a common precursor cell, both cell types may be affected by a similar mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Cyclically Impairs Long Bone Trabecular Modeling in Experimental Persistently Infected Fetuses

et al. 2012

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Persistent infection (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been associated with osteopetrosis and other long bone lesions, most commonly characterized as transverse zones of unmodeled metaphyseal trabeculae in fetuses and calves. This study was undertaken to characterize the morphogenesis of fetal long bone lesions. Forty-six BVDV-naïve pregnant Hereford heifers of approximately 18 months of age were inoculated with noncytopathic BVDV type 2 containing media or media alone on day 75 of gestation to produce PI and control fetuses, respectively, which were collected via cesarean section on days 82, 89, 97, 192, and 245 of gestation. Radiographic and histomorphometric abnormalities were first detected on day 192, at which age PI fetal long bone metaphyses contained focal densities (4 of 7 fetuses) and multiple alternating transverse radiodense bands (3 of 7 fetuses). Day 245 fetuses were similarly affected. Histomorphometric analysis of proximal tibial metaphyses from day 192 fetuses revealed transverse zones with increased calcified cartilage core (Cg.V/BV, %) and trabecular bone (BV/TV, %) volumes in regions corresponding to radiodense bands ( P < .05). Numbers of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts (N.Oc/BS, #/mm2) and bone perimeter occupied (Oc.S/BS, %) were both decreased ( P < .05). Mineralizing surface (MS/BS, %), a measure of tissue level bone formation activity, was reduced in PI fetuses ( P < .05). It is concluded that PI with BVDV induces cyclic abnormal trabecular modeling, which is secondary to reduced numbers of osteoclasts. The factors responsible for these temporal changes are unknown but may be related to the time required for osteoclast differentiation from precursor cells.

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“…For negative sorting to obtain gd T cells, a cocktail of mAb IL-A12 [42] for CD4, mAb MCA837G (Serotec, Oxford, UK) for CD8, mAb IL-A58 [43] for IgM, and mAb IL-A15 [44] for CD11b was used. Cells were then incubated with goat anti-mouse IgG-conjugated magnetic microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA, USA) at 41C for 20 min.…”

Section: Animals and Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosine phosphorylation of scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich WC1 is required for the WC1‐mediated potentiation of TCR‐induced T‐cell proliferation

et al. 2009

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Workshop cluster 1 (WC1) molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins uniquely expressed by cd T cells. They belong to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily and are encoded by a multi-gene family, which is divided on the basis of antibody reactivity, into three groups, WC1.1, WC1.2, and WC1.3. The potential role of WC1 as a co-stimulatory molecule for the cd TCR is suggested by the presence of several tyrosinebased motifs in their intracellular domains. In this study, we found that WC1 was constitutively phosphorylated in ex vivo bovine cd T cells and associated with src family tyrosine kinases. Crosslinking of WC1 molecules resulted in an increase in WC1 phosphorylation and co-crosslinking of WC1 and cd TCR together prolonged WC1 phosphorylation. We identified the second tyrosine residue as the primary phosphorylation target in WC1.1 and WC1.2 intracellular sequences in both in vitro and in vivo assays. The cytoplasmic tails of WC1.1 and WC1.2 were phosphorylated on serine and PKC activity was required for PMA-induced endocytosis of WC1.1 or WC1.2. We found that phosphorylation of the second tyrosine in the WC1 cytoplasmic domain was required for the WC1-mediated potentiation of TCR-induced T-cell proliferation, suggesting that WC1 acts as a co-stimulatory molecule for cd TCR.Key words: Bovine . Cell surface molecules . gd T cells . Signal transduction IntroductionIn adult chickens, ruminants and pigs, unlike in mice and humans, gd T cells can constitute 30% of total PBMC [1]. A majority of these gd T cells in ruminants bear the glycoprotein lineage marker Workshop cluster 1 (WC1) on their surface. Based on the profiles of their gene expression, WC1 1 gd T cells of cattle represent the inflammatory population, whereas WC1 À gd T cells are regulatory cells [2,3]. WC1, a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, is categorized into group B along with CD5, CD6, and CD163, based on the organization of cysteine residues in its extracellular SRCR domains [4]. Like the SRCR family member SpSRCR, which is expressed in the immune cells of the purple sea urchin [5], WC1 molecules are products of a large gene family, and thus have the potential to increase the diversity of immune responses independently of the adaptive immune response receptor, i.e. the TCR.Bovine gd T cells express at least three known variants, WC1.1, WC1.2, and WC1.3, which are defined by antibodies recognizing unknown epitopes on their SRCR domains [6]. WC1.1 and WC1.2 are expressed on two mostly non-overlapping subsets of bovine gd T cells, and WC1.3 is expressed on a small 254subpopulation of WC1.1 1 cells. Cytokine production and cellular proliferation in response to stimulation vary according to the forms of WC1 expressed by gd T cells [7]. Ex vivo WC1.1 1 gd T cells, but not WC1.2 1 gd T cells, proliferate well to the gd T-cell antigens of Leptospira, and produce IFN-g in response to either antigen or 8].The correlation of the expression of a variable WC1 gene product with a cellular immune response to antigen su...

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Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus p80 Protein in Subpopulations of Bovine Leukocytes

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Type I and III IFNs Produced by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Response to a Member of theFlaviviridaeSuppress Cellular Immune Responses

Type I and III IFNs Produced by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Response to a Member of theFlaviviridaeSuppress Cellular Immune Responses

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Cyclically Impairs Long Bone Trabecular Modeling in Experimental Persistently Infected Fetuses

Tyrosine phosphorylation of scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich WC1 is required for the WC1‐mediated potentiation of TCR‐induced T‐cell proliferation

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